\n
\n\n\n\nWe live on a dyn
amic planet. Observations from seismic and geodetic techniques as well as
modelling approaches inform our understanding of the deformation of the Ea
rth’s surface. Over recent decades horizontal site velocities from space
geodetic techniques such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) have been
used to study plate tectonic kinematics in global and regional settings.\
n\nSolid-earth deformation informs our understanding of the response of th
e earth system to climate and sea level change\, surface mass transport\,
postglacial and present-day ice loading\, tectonic motion\, elastic and vi
scoelastic relaxation\, resource extraction\, and mantle convection. Geode
tic time series are used to monitor the deformation of the solid Earth and
its fluid envelope\, but their robust interpretation depends entirely on
the stability and accuracy of the underlying reference frame. For an accur
ate and stable reference frame\, unbiased position estimates and velocitie
s with realistic uncertainties are necessary to advance understanding in e
ach of these application areas. \n\nSeveral questions remain in interpret
ing geodetic time series of surface displacement which are relevant to und
erstanding the long-term (decadal to millennial) vertical displacement of
Australia: \n\nTo what extent can geodetic time series represent displacem
ents beyond their data span? What is the appropriate model for this motion
? How do short-period displacements or noise affect the ability to robustl
y estimate the model parameters? What is the characteristic of the noise i
n the context of the adopted model? Is the underlying geodetic reference f
rame sufficiently accurate to allow measurement at the accuracy required?
\n\nThis presentation combines rigorous high-quality processing of GPS dat
a with time series analysis\, deformation modelling\, and spatiotemporal f
iltering to explore how the Australian continent is moving and what that m
eans for applications of precise positioning\, including the stability and
accuracy of the underlying reference frame.\n\nThe faculty host this week
is Simon McClusky\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/1/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Claire Mallard (University of Sydney)
DTSTART:20200702T030000Z
DTEND:20200702T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/2
DESCRIPTION:Title: Coupling Surface Evolution and Mantle Dynamics: two examples o
f the interplay of Tectonics\, Eustasy and Surface Processes\nby Clair
e Mallard (University of Sydney) as part of ANU Research School of Earth S
ciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nOver deep time\, mantle flow-induced dynamic topography as well as
plate tectonic evolution drive deposition moderated by higher-frequency fl
uctuations in climate and sea level. The effects of deep mantle convection
and lithospheric deformation impact all the segment of the source to sink
systems at different wavelengths and over various scales which remains po
orly quantified. Field observations and numerical investigations suggest t
hat the long-term stratigraphic record along continental margins contains
essential clues on the interactions between dynamic topography and surface
processes. However\, it remains challenging to isolate the fingerprints o
f dynamic topography\, lithospheric deformation\, eustatic variation and c
limate change in the geological record.\n\nIn the first part of the talk\,
I will show you how we use a new numerical simulation package that couple
s the open-source surface evolution code Badlands (https://badlands.readth
edocs.io/en/latest/) with lithospheric-scale thermo-mechanical models (htt
ps://uwgeodynamics.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) for unravelling the effect o
f rift obliquity on the distribution of facies and the evolution of strati
graphic architecture in syn-rift deposits.\n\nThe second part will focus o
n the integration of mantle convection simulation results into Badlands to
quantify the impact of different timings and wavelengths of dynamic topog
raphy migration on the surface. I will present an example of the last 40 M
a evolution of the South African landscape.\n\nThe results suggest that ou
r source-to-sink numerical workflow can be used to explore\, in a systemat
ic way\, the interplay between dynamic topography and surface processes an
d can provide insights into recognizing the geomorphic and stratigraphic s
ignals of dynamic topography in the geological record.\n\nShort bio
\n\nDr. Claire Mallard ︎– Postdoctoral research fellow\, Earthbyte Gro
up\, University of Sydney - leader of the Global Research Stream\, ARC Bas
in Genesis Hub\n\nResearch interests:\n\n🔻 Unravelling long-term
interactions between climate\, tectonic\, dynamic topography and eustatic
forcing parameters from regional to global scales - by studying the strat
igraphic record\, drainage reorganisation and linking Earth data and model
observation.\n\n🔻 Understanding multiscale physics interactions on sou
rce to sink systems by linking mantle dynamics\, crustal deformations and
surface evolution - by modelling cross-spatial and temporal physical inte
ractions along continental margins.\n\n🔻 Quantifying the impact of mant
le driving forces on Earth history - by designing mantle convection models
enabling the self-consistent generation of plate tectonic and mantle plum
es.\n\nExpertise - From global to regional modelling\n\n🔻 Modell
ing the interactions between sedimentary systems\, climatic forcing\, and
the crustal and mantle processes.\n\n🔻 Analysing drainage reorganisatio
n and stratigraphic record from coupled numerical models.\n\n🔻 Designin
g open-source workflows to quantify and calibrate simulated S2S systems ag
ainst Earth data\n\nCurrent projects:\n\n🔻 Dynamic topography co
ntrols on source-to-sink systems (BGH)\n\n - Orange rive
r\, South-Africa.\n\n - Norwegian Margin in collaborati
on with Equinor\n\n - The Nile river in collaboration wi
th Chevron\n\n - North Slope Alaska in collaboration wit
h Oilsearch\n\n - Amazon river\, South-America\n\n🔻 I
nfluence of sedimentation on the migration of crustal deformation along co
ntinental margins. (BGH)\n\n🔻 GLORIOUS: GLObal ReconstructIon Of soUrce
-to-sink Systems.\n\nThe RSES host this week will be Romain Beucher\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/2/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Michael Roderick (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200521T030000Z
DTEND:20200521T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/4
DESCRIPTION:Title: Drought\, Bushfires and Climate Change: The Hot Topic\nby
Michael Roderick (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nThe recent drought (2017-2019) b
ut especially the horrific fires throughout Eastern Australia now called t
he Black Summer (~ August 2019-February 2020) has generated what could be
called a “tipping point” in the broader Australian community discussio
n about climate change. In this talk we will examine in detail the facts a
round the drought and investigate how droughts are related to a warming cl
imate. That investigation will focus on the underlying thermodynamic reaso
n for warming during droughts. We then extend that investigation from drou
ght to the subsequent Black Summer. Finally we will compare the facts we h
ave established about drought and bushfires with projections made by clima
te models to investigate whether there is a reasonable expectation for mor
e drought and bushfires with warming.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/4/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Marthe Kloecking (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200709T030000Z
DTEND:20200709T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/7
DESCRIPTION:Title: Mantle temperature\, lithospheric thickness and dynamic topogr
aphy: decoding the secrets of volcanic rocks\nby Marthe Kloecking (Res
earch School of Earth Science\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Ear
th Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Rese
arch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nEarth's top
ography is maintained by a complex interplay of tectonic forcing\, isostas
y and mantle convection. While tectonic and isostatic processes are fairly
well understood\, the contribution of dynamic topography often remains di
fficult to quantify. I will show that we can use the trace element chemist
ry of intraplate basalts as a tool to estimate the role and mechanism of d
ynamic uplift. Upper mantle temperatures and lithospheric thickness calcul
ated from volcanic data agree well with independent seismological estimate
s. From these results\, the present-day state of the upper mantle can be d
erived and the importance of dynamic topography tested. Since volcanic roc
ks are preserved throughout the geological record\, this tool could help i
lluminate temporal as well as spatial variations of mantle temperature and
lithospheric thickness.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/7/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jason Sharples (UNSW\, Canberra)
DTSTART:20200723T030000Z
DTEND:20200723T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/8
DESCRIPTION:Title: Extreme wildfire development\nby Jason Sharples (UNSW\, Ca
nberra) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\
n\nAbstract\nExtreme wildfires consistently result in loss of life and pro
perty\, widespread environmental damage and further impact the cultural\,
economic and political stability of communities. Understanding the drivers
that combine to produce extreme wildfires is now the focus of sustained r
esearch efforts around the globe. Much of this research has concentrated o
n atmospheric conditions\, but given that extreme wildfires are actually c
oupled fire-atmosphere events\, it is also important to consider the contr
ibutions of the fire itself. In this seminar I will discuss the role that
local wildfire behaviour plays in extreme wildfire development. In particu
lar\, I will highlight the role that dynamic fire propagation plays in dri
ving 'deep flaming' events\, which appear to be critical in triggering vio
lent pyroconvection. The ability to predict extreme wildfire development u
sing operational tools will also be explored.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/8/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Heather Handley (Macquarie University)
DTSTART:20200813T030000Z
DTEND:20200813T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/9
DESCRIPTION:Title: Mainland Australia's next volcanic eruption: Insights into fut
ure activity from volcanology\, petrology\, Indigenous knowledge and publi
c perceptions\nby Heather Handley (Macquarie University) as part of AN
U Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeg
er 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\
n\nAbstract\n
\n\nThe last v
olcanic eruptions in mainland Australia took place around 4\,500-5\,000 ye
ars ago and were witnessed by Indigenous Australians. In this talk we'll d
elve deep into Australia's rich and fascinating volcanic history and use v
olcanological and petrological approaches combined with human knowledge fr
om preliterate times to investigate how likely a future eruption is in mai
nland Australia\, what the warning signals might look like and how much ti
me we may have to prepare should we detect signs of activity. The general
public's current perceptions of volcanic risk and preparedness in Australi
a to volcanic activity from within and outside the country will also be hi
ghlighted.\n\n \n\nBiography\n\nHeather Handley is an Associate Pro
fessor of Volcanology and Geochemistry and leads the Volcanic and Magmatic
Research Group at Macquarie University. Her research unravels the secrets
held in the chemistry of volcanic rocks and their minerals to answer ques
tions such as what triggers volcanic eruptions? and how fast does magma tr
avel from its source to the Earth’s surface? Heather holds a PhD in Volc
ano Geochemistry from Durham University\, UK and 1st Class Bachelor of Sci
ence (Honours) in Geology from The University of Edinburgh\, UK. In 2012\,
Heather was awarded an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship to a
dvance our understanding of the timescales of Earth-system process. She is
Co-Founder and President of the Women in Earth and Environmental Sciences
Australasia Network (WOMEESA) and is Co Editor-in-Chief for Earth and Pla
netary Science Letters. Heather received an AIPS NSW Young Tall Poppy Awar
d in 2014 and has led more than 40 outreach events and workshops. She freq
uently writes for The Conversation\, has given over 60 television\, radio
and print interviews and has featured in documentaries for National Geogra
phic and Discovery Science. She is also mum to two very curious young girl
s.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/9/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nerlie Abram (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200319T020000Z
DTEND:20200319T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/10
DESCRIPTION:Title: Australia’s black summer & the connections to human-caused
climate change\nby Nerlie Abram (Research School of Earth Sciences\, A
NU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nA
bstract\n
\n\nThe summer of
2019/20 saw devastating climate extremes and bushfires across southern Aus
tralia\, and changed the national discourse on the role of human-caused cl
imate change in increasing the risk of these impacts. This talk will look
at Australia’s current climate position\, the factors that combined to g
enerate the extreme conditions this summer\, and the various ways that cli
mate and fire scientists worked to communicate the scientific evidence on
these extremes. New evidence on the Indian Ocean Dipole\, one of the key c
limate drivers of Australia’s 2019 climate extremes\, will also be discu
ssed.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/10/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Andy Hogg (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200402T020000Z
DTEND:20200402T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/12
DESCRIPTION:Title: Ocean gyres driven by surface buoyancy forcing\nby Andy H
ogg (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU) as part of ANU Research Scho
ol of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\nOcean gyres are persist
ent\, large-scale circulation features that give rise to important ocean c
urrents such as the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic and the Kuroshio cur
rent off the east coast of Japan. These gyres are critical in transportin
g heat from the tropics to the poles. For the last 70 years\, oceanographe
rs have assumed that these gyres are driven by wind stress\, however\, the
simple theory that predicts the strength of these gyres fails in many par
ts of the ocean. In this talk\, I will demonstrate that ocean gyres (compl
ete with a rich eddy field and strong western boundary current) occur even
in the absence of wind forcing. Thus\, I contend that a significant compo
nent of gyre circulation\, particularly in the subpolar regions\, is due t
o temperature-driven buoyancy fluxes. This result represents a profound ch
ange to our understanding of one of the most fundamental aspects of the oc
ean’s large-scale circulation. \n\n
\n\nSnapsh
ot of Sea Surface Temperature in the North Atlantic Ocean from a high reso
lution global ocean-sea ice model. The Gulf Stream is shown by the tongue
of warm water (violet colours) extending up the eastern seaboard of the US
A\, before it separates from the coast and transports heat into the interi
or North Atlantic against a background of strong turbulence.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/12/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Wenju Cai (CSIRO (Aspendale\, VIC))
DTSTART:20200416T030000Z
DTEND:20200416T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/13
DESCRIPTION:Title: Response of El Niño/La Niña to greenhouse warming\nby W
enju Cai (CSIRO (Aspendale\, VIC)) as part of ANU Research School of Earth
Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\nThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)\, alternating between El Niño and La Niña events\, is the dominan
t and most consequential climate phenomenon affecting extreme weather\, ec
osystems\, and agriculture around the world. For example\, during El Niño
\, sea surface temperature (SST) is anomalously high in the central and ea
stern equatorial Pacific\; the warm anomaly shifts the rain band over the
tropical western Pacific eastward\, leading to droughts in north-eastern A
ustralia\; in contrast\, during La Niña\, SST is lower than normal in the
equatorial central Pacific\, the west Pacific rain band is more intense a
nd concentrated\, causing floods over north-eastern Australia. Determining
how ENSO SST variability may respond to greenhouse warming is one of the
most important issues in climate change science\, and has challenged scien
tists for decades. I will present recent findings showing that the frequen
cy of extreme La Niña and variability of eastern Pacific El Niño SST are
expected to increase in response to unabated greenhouse gas emissions. Wi
th this projected increase\, we may expect more occurrences of extreme wea
thers associated with ENSO events\, with pronounced implications for the t
wenty-first century climate\, extreme weather\, and ecosystems.\n\n
\n\n Infographic of an El Niño\, with the upper portion dep
icting warming\, rising sea level and loss of fisheries in the eastern equ
atorial Pacific Ocean\, and the lower portion outlining the terrestrial im
pacts in the western Pacific region\, including drought\, drying rivers\,
crop failure\, and wild forest fires.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/13/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Bree Morgan (University of Sydney\, NSW)
DTSTART:20200514T030000Z
DTEND:20200514T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/14
DESCRIPTION:Title: Sediment geochemistry – The Dolomite Problem\nby Bree M
organ (University of Sydney\, NSW) as part of ANU Research School of Earth
Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Resear
ch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nBree Morgan leads the Geochemistry branch of t
he Geocoastal Research Group at the University of Sydney. Her research pro
gram\, at the intersection of chemical sedimentology\, aqueous geochemistr
y and mineralogy\, teases apart the biogeochemical signatures of coastal s
ystems to understand how matter and energy cycles through the Earth’s su
rface\, and how this delicate balance is impacted by humans. In this semin
ar Bree will discuss how biogeochemical signatures recorded in sediments t
ell us a story about Earth surface processes\, environmental perturbations
and past environmental conditions. She will discuss a current research pr
oject which aims to decipher the biogeochemical drivers for modern dolomit
e formation\, a highly stable\, safe and permanent mineral sink for atmosp
heric CO2. Modern dolomite is extremely scarce and the specific conditions
for its formation are unresolved. However\, it is found in some\, but not
all\, of the ephemeral carbonate playa lakes in South Australia and Briti
sh Columbia\, Canada\, despite extreme contrasts between geochemical\, lit
hological\, topographic and climatic conditions. The disproportionate pauc
ity of dolomite in modern times comparative to its widespread abundance in
the deep past is referred to as the ‘The Dolomite Problem’\, one of t
he longest standing unresolved problems in the natural sciences. Thus\, th
ese lakes provide the ideal natural settings to unravel the underlying mec
hanisms driving this >200-year old mystery.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/14/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Evelyn Mervine (Anglo American)
DTSTART:20200423T030000Z
DTEND:20200423T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/16
DESCRIPTION:Title: A Marine Geologist Works in Mineral Exploration & Mining: Tra
nsition from an Academic to Industry Career\nby Evelyn Mervine (Anglo
American) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\
n\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nDr. Evelyn Mervine obtain
ed a Ph.D. in Marine Geology from the joint program between the Massachuse
tts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 20
12. For her thesis\, she studied natural carbon storage in ultramafic rock
s in the Samail Ophiolite (uplifted oceanic rocks and underlying mantle) i
n the Sultanate of Oman and also studied the Ninetyeast Ridge\, a 5\,000 k
m long hotspot track in the Indian Ocean. After graduating\, Dr. Mervine o
btained a job working as a Project Geologist for AuruMar\, a marine gold e
xploration company\, and worked in Alaska and South Africa. When AuruMar c
losed down\, she obtained a job as a Senior Marine Geologist for De Beers
and worked in diamond\, gold\, and platinum exploration in marine placers.
Next\, she worked on behalf of De Beers Group Services in a global role a
s a Climate Change Specialist and leader of a R&D project looking at the p
otential to store carbon in diamond mine tailings in order to offset green
house gas emissions from mining. She still advises the project as a Steeri
ng Committee member. Since March 2019\, Dr. Mervine has worked as a Senior
Project Geoscientist for Anglo American in the Australia Discovery Team.
She manages technical geological and environmental work for exploration ac
tivities in Australia. In addition to her industry role\, Dr. Mervine is a
n Adjunct Fellow at the University of Queensland. In this talk\, Dr. Mervi
ne will discuss how she made the transition from academia to industry –
and give examples of how she leverages her academic training in industry p
rojects. She will also discuss a few examples of collaborative academic-in
dustry research projects. Last but not least\, she will discuss sustainabl
e mining and how both geology and environmental work have played a role in
shaping her industry career.\n\nFaculty this week is Penny King.\n\nNote
that this talk is a personal reflection on career opportunities outside of
an academic track and an opportunity for undergraduate and graduate stude
nts to interact with a senior and successful scientist. This seminar is no
t recorded.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/16/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Voon Hui Lai (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200430T030000Z
DTEND:20200430T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/17
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Seismic Signature of Debris Flows: Flow Mechanics and Ear
ly Warning at Montecito\, California\nby Voon Hui Lai (Research School
of Earth Sciences\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences
school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nDebris flow
s are concentrated slurries of water and sediment that shape the landscape
and pose a major hazard to human life and infrastructure. Seismic ground
motion-based observations promise to provide new\, remote constraints on d
ebris flow physics\, but the lack of data and a theoretical basis for inte
rpreting them hinders progress. Here we present a new mechanistic physical
model for the seismic ground motion of debris flows. We find that the amp
litude and frequency characteristics of the seismic data can distinguish d
ebris flows from other seismic sources. The model suggests that seismic gr
ound motion amplitudes are most sensitive to the product of physical param
eters related to the debris flow: average flow speed\, length and width of
boulder snout\, and boulder sizes. The model also implies that peak frequ
ency of the seismic signal depends on average distance of the debris flow
from the instrument. Applying the modeling framework to the Montecito debr
is flows\, California on 9 January 2018\, we can determine that the averag
e distance to the nearest debris flows and that the estimated grain sizes
and flow speeds are consistent with observations. The ability to accuratel
y describe the absolute seismic amplitude of debris flow source is a key s
tep towards creating a physics-based early warning system for this particu
lar natural hazard.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/17/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phil Bland (Curtin University\, WA)
DTSTART:20200507T030000Z
DTEND:20200507T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/18
DESCRIPTION:Title: Enabling Australian planetary missions: technical pathway and
science applications\nby Phil Bland (Curtin University\, WA) as part
of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in
Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton cam
pus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\n\nWith the inauguratio
n of Australia’s space agency the volume around all things ‘space’ h
as been turned up to 11. But although agencies internationally recognise t
hat science is a fundamental enabler in their space economies\, and that m
issions are a key element of that\, that realisation has not yet occurred
in Australia. Here I will outline a program that will drive down the cost
of mission development for Australian planetary scientists\, build our res
earch base\, and help demonstrate the value of blue-sky research to policy
makers. The innovation at the heart of this program is having a sovereign
capacity in spacecraft development.\n\nA spacecraft bus is essentially al
l of the primary systems of a spacecraft\, minus the payload. Australia ha
s significant capability in R&D around payloads\, and science delivery fro
m payloads as members of mission science teams. With launch costs coming d
own\, and expanded opportunities to ride-share on missions from partner ag
encies overseas\, the main obstacle to Australian-led missions is the spac
ecraft. The availability of a generic advanced planetary class bus would a
llow Australian researchers to define and execute their own missions\, for
a fraction of the current cost. Curtin is currently developing the hardwa
re that will enable that. The in-orbit trial of our prototype will take pl
ace in early 2021. Australia has a world-class planetary science community
\, with broad and deep relationships with international agencies. It is ou
r hope that this program can assist our community in helping to define Aus
tralia’s future in space. In this talk I will outline the R&D path behin
d the program\, and mission concepts for the Moon\, near-Earth asteroids\,
and Mars.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/18/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tamsin Mather (Oxford University)
DTSTART:20200603T070000Z
DTEND:20200603T080000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/19
DESCRIPTION:Title: The impact of volcanism on Earth's atmosphere: from present-d
ay volcanic 'pollution' to geological mass extinction events\nby Tamsi
n Mather (Oxford University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scien
ces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sch
ool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nBio: Professor Math
er is a volcanologist at the University of Oxford\, UK where she has been
on the faculty since 2006. She received Masters degrees in Chemistry and
History and Philosophy of Science from the University of Cambridge and\, a
fter a year working in Germany and then Brussels doing a placement for the
European Commission\, she returned to Cambridge completing a PhD on the
atmospheric chemistry of volcanic plumes and their environmental effects i
n 2004. Before joining Oxford she was seconded to the UK Parliamentary Of
fice of Science and Technology\, and a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Resea
rch Fellow. She won a UNESCO/L’Oréal UK & Ireland Women in Science awa
rd in 2008\, the Philip Leverhulme prize in 2010\, was UK Mineralogical So
ciety Distinguished Lecturer in 2015/16 and winner of the 2018 Rosalind F
ranklin Award from the Royal Society. She has spoken at numerous science a
nd participated in several TV and radio programmes including BBC Radio 4's
Life Scientific and The Infinite Monkey Cage.\n\nThis week's seminar was
organised by Monash University and re-advertised by RSES.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/19/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phil Cummins (Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU and Geoscien
ce Australia)
DTSTART:20200527T030000Z
DTEND:20200527T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/20
DESCRIPTION:Title: Susan L Cutter Seminar Series "'Black Swans' and Seismic Risk
in Megacities of SE Asia"\nby Phil Cummins (Research School of Earth
Sciences\, ANU and Geoscience Australia) as part of ANU Research School of
Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\nSusan L Cutter Seminar Serie
s: 'Black Swans' and Seismic Risk in Megacities of SE Asia\n\nThe 21st
century began with a remarkable series of great earthquakes occurring off
Sumatra\, starting with the 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean
Tsunami that caused over 220\,00 deaths. While subsequent earthquakes wer
e deadly\, none resulted in fatalities on the massive scale of the 2004 ev
ent. Can we expect this trend to continue?\n\nRisk for natural disasters i
s often expressed with the heuristic equation:\n\nRisk = Hazard x Exposure
x Vulnerability\n\nThis expresses that risk increases with each hazard\,
exposure and vulnerability\, but also shows that risk may increase dramati
cally if more than one of these factors increase. I will argue in this tal
k that all three factors have increased markedly in SE Asia since the late
20th century.\n\nAlthough the hazard itself may not have increased\, our
perception of the hazard is changing rapidly. Much attention has recently
focused on giant earthquakes and tsunamis\, but the much smaller 2010 Hait
i earthquake was the world’s most deadly. Could such a disaster happen i
n SE Asia? I will argue that similar earthquakes pose a potent but largely
ignored threat to some megacities in SE Asia – particularly Dakkha\, Ma
nila and Jakarta.\n\nFollowing the 20th century's explosion in global popu
lation\, SE Asia's population continues to increase at 1% annually\, with
a median age of 30 and 50% residing in cities. Urbanisation is acceleratin
g\, with an urban population of 280 million today that is expected to grow
to 373 million by 2030. The chances of a large earthquake directly striki
ng an urban population increase commensurately\, and these urban populatio
ns are subject to many factors that increase their vulnerability\, includi
ng: typical residential construction that is non-engineered with poor-qual
ity masonry\; many tall buildings that lack adequate earthquake-specific d
esigns\; basins of thick\, soft sediments that exacerbate ground motions a
nd may be prone to liquefaction.\n\nI will present a combination of modeli
ng results\, compilations of historical accounts and analyses of recent ge
ophysical data that suggest that\, although some earthquake-prone areas of
SE Asia may currently be in a period of quiescence\, the potential for de
structive earthquakes is high\, and that when such events occur their impa
cts are likely to be severe.\n\n \n\nPhil R. Cummins received his PhD in G
eophysics form U. California Berkeley in 1988 and worked as a postdoctoral
and research fellow at the Australian National University (ANU) until 199
6\, when he moved to the Japan Center for Marine-Earth Science and Technol
ogy (JAMSTEC). After leading a geodynamics research unit at JAMSTEC\, in 2
001 he took up a position leading earthquake and tsunami hazard research a
t Geoscience Australia (GA). In 2011\, he accepted a joint appointment bet
ween GA and ANU as Prof. Natural Hazards\, where he combines teaching and
research in natural hazards at ANU with technical application of earthquak
e and tsunami science at GA.\n\nNote that this talk was organised by the D
isaster Risk Science Institute at ANU: https://drsi.anu.edu.au.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/20/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Katie Cooper (Washington State University)
DTSTART:20201008T020000Z
DTEND:20201008T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/21
DESCRIPTION:Title: Craton Stability: What’s Thickness (and shape) Got To Do Wi
th It.\nby Katie Cooper (Washington State University) as part of ANU R
esearch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nClim
ate change has become one of the most important economic\, environmental a
nd social challenges of the 21st century\, with sea-level rise a key aspec
t. Today\, the order of 100 million of people live within a metre of high
tide level\, and more people are moving towards the coast in both the deve
loped and developing world. Historical and paleo observations\, the advent
of modern satellite and in situ ocean\, cyosphere and climate observing s
ystems and the development of improved ocean\, ice sheet and climate model
s has greatly improved our understanding of contemporary sea-level change.
There is now a reasonable understanding of the reasons for sea-level chan
ge over recent decades and since 1900\, including the attribution of the o
bserved change to the climatic drivers. There are important implications f
or the 21st century and beyond. Critically important for regional sea lev
el around the globe is the changing structure of the oceans and glaciers\,
the role of the oceans and atmosphere in the future of the ice sheets of
Antarctica and Greenland and the vertical movement of coastal regions. Pr
ojections for the 21st century indicate sea levels could rise by a metre o
r more for unmitigated emissions. Sea levels will not stop rising in 2100
\, even for the strongest mitigation scenario. Indeed\, failure to mitiga
te our greenhouse gas emissions will lead to a world of catastrophic chang
es. Avoiding these changes will require significant\, urgent and sustaine
d mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. But even with successful mitiga
tion\, society will have to adapt to that component of climate change we c
an no longer avoid. As a result\, sea-level rise will have major impacts
around the world.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/24/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chengxin Jiang (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200716T030000Z
DTEND:20200716T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/25
DESCRIPTION:Title: Probing the structure and evolving state of three western U.S
. volcanos with seismic noise\nby Chengxin Jiang (Research School of E
arth Science\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences schoo
l seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Ea
rth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nThis s
tudy presents the latest progresses on seismic imaging and monitoring of t
hree volcanos of various size and tectonic settings in the western U.S.\,
i.e.\, Yellowstone\, Long Valley caldera and Mount St. Helens. High-resolu
tion 3D crustal shear-wave (Vs) structures were constructed using seismic
ambient noise\, which are mainly resulted from wave action in the global o
ceans. A particular innovation of this study is the incorporation of multi
-component seismic data to constrain the anisotropic properties of the mag
matic reservoirs beneath the volcanos. Pronounced low velocities regions a
re found to be coincident with strong positive anisotropy beneath all thre
e volcanic systems and are interpreted to be magmatic reservoirs with fine
-scale layering. Such layering structures may represent sill-type intrusio
ns of molten melts\, and their existence demonstrates that magmatic reserv
oirs beneath these volcanoes can grow incrementally from the deep through
a long-term process. The similarity of magma reservoir anisotropy in varie
d tectonic settings suggests that such mid-crustal sill complexes may be u
biquitous features of large magmatic systems\, and that anisotropy should
be considered to seismically estimate melt content and mobility. In this t
alk\, I will also share results from ongoing research to show how addition
al seismic monitoring using 10-year seismic noise data provide further ins
ights for the evolving state of the Long Valley caldera.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/25/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Katarina Miljkovic (Space Science and Technology Centre\, School o
f Earth and Planetary Science Curtin University)
DTSTART:20200305T020000Z
DTEND:20200305T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/26
DESCRIPTION:Title: Structure of the martian crust and overview of the NASA Insig
ht mission\nby Katarina Miljkovic (Space Science and Technology Centre
\, School of Earth and Planetary Science Curtin University) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaege
r 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n
\nAbstract\n
\n\nSince arriving on Mars
in November 2018\, NASA InSight (Interior exploration using Seismic Inves
tigations\, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has detected over 300 mars
quakes. They are the first quakes ever detected on Mars\, and the first
on a planetary body other than Earth or the Moon. The aim of the mission i
s to use the data to probe the Martian interior and understand the crust\,
mantle and core structure. This seminar will include an overview of the I
nSight mission and its key discoveries to date. Further focus of the semin
ar will be on the impact cratering process on Mars\, and how it can be use
d a tool to probe the crustal structure of Mars\, in tandem with the obser
vations by InSight and previous Mars missions.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/26/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nicolas Thouveny (CEREGE AMU\, CNRS\, IRD\, INRA\, Coll. de Fr.\,
Aix en Provence)
DTSTART:20200227T020000Z
DTEND:20200227T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/27
DESCRIPTION:Title: Cosmogenic 10Be and paleomagnetic records of the Earth’s ma
gnetic field history: news and views\nby Nicolas Thouveny (CEREGE AMU\
, CNRS\, IRD\, INRA\, Coll. de Fr.\, Aix en Provence) as part of ANU Resea
rch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Se
minar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbst
ract\n
\n\nSeries
of Geomagnetic dipole lows (GDL) associated with polarity reversals and ex
cursions have been reconstructed for the Brunhes and Matuyama epochs by co
upling and cross-checking paleomagnetic records (relative paleointensity\,
RPI) and cosmogenic Beryllium records (authigenic 10Be/9Be ratio) along o
cean clayey-carbonate sequences deposited at rates of 2 to 20 cm/kyr. The
10Be production is enhanced (quasi-doubled) at the time of polarity revers
als (i.e. the B/M transition at ca 772 ka) and excursions (i.e. (Laschamp
event at 41 ka). This strategy allows detecting eventual stratigraphic off
sets (few cm to several dm) between the two expressions of a given GDL. In
such cases\, 10Be peaks being eventually located above RPI minima\, this
demonstrates the reality and importance of considering non-negligible lock
ing depth of the (post-) depositional remanent magnetization and thus dela
ys that reduce the precision/reliability of paleomagnetic markers as ultra
-high resolution markers for intercorrelation and dating sedimentary archi
ves. Meanwhile\, the calibration of 10Be/9Be records using empirical and t
heoretical relationships between cosmogenic nuclide production and the geo
magnetic dipole moment values\, allows producing 10Be derived dipole momen
t records\, independent from RPI sedimentary paleomagnetic records. These
provide useful time series for spectral analyses and computing rates of ch
anges of the past geomagnetic moment across reversals and excursions\, and
thus offer a reliable pacing frame to the 103 to 106 years scale regime o
f the Earth’s dynamo\, opening perspectives on the secular to millenial
decay of the modern geomagnetic field.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/27/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Benoit Tauzin (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU and Universi
té de Lyon)
DTSTART:20200206T020000Z
DTEND:20200206T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/29
DESCRIPTION:Title: A poorly mixed mantle and its thermal state inferred from sei
smic waves\nby Benoit Tauzin (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU a
nd Université de Lyon) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe Earth’s mantle tra
nsition zone is a complex region exhibiting mineralogical phase changes as
revealed by sharp increases of seismic wave-speed between 410 and 660 km
depths. Because of its potential in filtering chemical elements\, the tran
sition zone represents a key region for understanding how efficient is glo
bal mantle convection to mix and recycle geochemical heterogeneities. Glob
al sampling of the transition zone is only possible with seismic methods\,
via the analysis of seismic waves generated by large\, distant earthquake
s and subsequently recorded by receivers located on the Earth’s surface.
These waves propagate and illuminate the Earth’s deep internal interior
\, and provide critical constraints on the elastic structure. Seismologist
s and geophysicists have since the 90’s attempted to isolate the effects
of temperature and composition on mantle elastic properties. However\, a
major issue is imperfect seismic data coverage that prevents from reconstr
ucting the multiple length-scales of thermo-chemical heterogeneities. Seis
mic and laboratory-based data also suffer from large uncertainties\, and t
he relationship between seismic observables and in situ thermo-chemical pa
rameters remains questionable. I will describe collaborative efforts to ov
ercome these limitations. We use mineral physics data and a partitioning a
pproach to isolate the multi-scale effects of temperature and composition
on the most comprehensive databases of seismic waves sensitive to the tran
sition zone. I will illustrate the potential of these approaches in a two-
case analysis. At regional scale\, I will show that the complexity of the
structure near the subduction zones of North and Central Honshu below the
Japan (East) Sea --- single and double discontinuities ranging in depth fr
om 650 to 730 km\, as well as a low-velocity zone at the tip of the subduc
ted Pacific plate --- can theoretically be explained by phase equilibria i
n a pyrolitic mantle composition. At global scale\, we combine compression
al\, shear-wave reflection observations\, and modeling\, to build a new gl
obal thermal model for the transition zone. We demonstrate that imperfect
chemical equilibration of a mantle with pyrolitic composition is able to e
xplain the global absence of P-wave reflections underneath the 660-km disc
ontinuity. We also show that the maximum required temperature at 660 km de
pth globally is 2000 K. Finally\, we found broad regions of elevated tempe
ratures beneath the Pacific that are demarcated by major hotspots\, sugges
ting that the transition zone is a source of secondary mantle plumes\, in
which only the hottest material tends to rise through.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/29/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Patrick Ball (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200213T020000Z
DTEND:20200213T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/30
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Global Influence of Mantle Temperature on Intraplate Magm
atism\nby Patrick Ball (Research School of Earth Science\, ANU) as par
t of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held
in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton c
ampus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n \n
\n
\n\nAt the end of the 19t
h Century and the beginning of the 20th Century\, three important discover
ies were made in the European Alps that transformed our way of understandi
ng how orogens form\; namely the formation of nappes\, ophiolites (Steinma
nn Trinity) and the underthrusting of crustal material to great depth (Ver
schluckung\, or “subduction”). Nevertheless\, the conceptual framework
of Plate Tectonics would have to wait another half of a century and emerg
e from (ocean-)going geophysicists and not Alpine geologists. It was the g
eophysical identification of subducting oceanic lithosphere at convergent
margins and active mid-ocean ridges at divergent margins in the mid-1900s
that highlighted how the motion of rigid oceanic plates and Benioff-Type o
ceanic subduction were the key drivers of Plate Tectonics. Ever since\, th
is paradigm has been systematically applied to the European Alps enabling
us to decipher\, amongst others\, the closure of oceans\, collisional magm
atism\, subduction-related metamorphism and exhumation of high-pressure ro
cks. \n\nHowever\, numerous characteristics of the Alpine convergence a re fundamentally distinct from typical Benioff-type subduction. Benioff-ty pe subductions have large oceanic slabs\, a long-term magmatic record and particular magmatic intra-oceanic subduction-initiation signatures. Other characteristics include the minor abundances of high-pressure rocks in acc retionary prism and near-absence of evidence of (ultra-)high pressure rock s. On the other hand\, the Alps are characterized by a pre-collisional lit hosphere comprised of rift basins characterized by thinned continental cru st and exhumed subcontinental mantle. The western Tethys\, from the future Pyrenees to the European Alps\, was therefore not a “classical” ocean \, but a series of small basins and only a sporadic\, short-lived ultra-sl ow spreading mid-ocean ridge. More surprisingly is a 50 myr “magmatic ar c-gap”\, with magmatism only occurring upon collision. Moreover\, extens ive subduction mélanges typical of Benioff-Type convergent margins are no t found in the Alps. Instead\, the Alps preserve coherent imbrications of high-pressure passive margins and oceanic core complexes. Rifted passive m argins remain therefore preserved\, if somewhat deformed in the Alps. \n
\nThe Alps were therefore formed by the forced closure of hyper-extended
basins along weakened\, serpentinised passive margins in a case of “Ampf
erer-type” continental subduction. Benioff-type oceanic subduction resul
ts in the efficient subduction of oceanic lithosphere\, abundant magmatism
and limited exhumation of metamorphic lithologies. On the other hand\, Am
pferer-type continental subduction results in the closure of hyper-extende
d continental basins and inefficient deep subduction of hydrated (serpenti
nites and oceanic sediments) lithologies\, or “congested subduction”.
Although the Alps are typically used as a “fossil” convergent margin a
kin to modern oceanic subduction zones\, we will explore the geological re
cord which suggests instead that the Alps might be better understood in te
rms of continental tectonics\, namely extreme intracontinental extension\,
ultra-slow plate separation and compression of hyper-extended continental
domains and we will discuss possible consequences.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/36/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Michael Ellwood (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200910T030000Z
DTEND:20200910T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/37
DESCRIPTION:Title: Iron cycling in the Southern Ocean\nby Michael Ellwood (R
SES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar
\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scien
ces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nMesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in th
e Southern Ocean and play a major role in the transfer of heat and carbon
between the ocean and atmosphere. Southern Ocean cold-core eddies are typi
cally defined by strong clockwise rotation and by cooler temperatures and
negative sea-surface height anomalies. These eddies typically have closed
circulation leading to distinct biogeochemical properties compared to exte
rnal waters\, thus making them a static mesocosm-like environment. The con
centration of dissolved iron in remote Southern Ocean surface waters\, awa
y from continental and island input sources\, is typically sub-nanomolar\;
thus phytoplankton production in these waters is reduced. In this talk\,
I will present iron concentration and isotope results for the study of a s
ubantarctic cold-core eddy during the austral autumn of 2016. I will show
that the isolated nature of Southern Ocean eddies can have distinctly diff
erent iron biogeochemistry compared to surrounding waters\, which influenc
es phytoplankton production.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/37/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Brian Kennett (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20200903T030000Z
DTEND:20200903T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/38
DESCRIPTION:Title: Characterising Earth structure from seismic data\nby Bria
n Kennett (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences sc
hool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of
Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nOur understanding of the
3-D structure of the Earth has been built around reference earth models su
ch as PREM (1981) and ak135 (1995). These models have specific characteri
stics associated with the way they were constructed that influence inferen
ces made about the Earth. Even the presentation of 3-D results from seism
ic tomographic models can be strongly influenced by the reference models u
sed\, particular when relative perturbations are plotted.\nObservational a
dvances have indicated a few places where radial models need to be updated
\, notably at the top of the outer core and in the inner core. An updated
model ek137 has recently been developed that improves the rendering of c
ore structure whilst retains the good fit to the properties of the full ra
nge of seismological phases.\nSpin transitions in iron bearing lower mantl
e minerals have long been regarded as seismologically invisible\, but the
relative behaviour of the shear and bulk modulus in the body-wave models s
uggests that a weak signature survives 3-D averaging.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/38/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Elena Belousova (Macquarie University)
DTSTART:20201022T030000Z
DTEND:20201022T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/39
DESCRIPTION:Title: TerraneChron®\;: Past\, Present\, Future\nby Elena Bel
ousova (Macquarie University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scie
nces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nThe TerraneC
hron®\; approach integrates in-situ microanalysis of the U-Pb age\, Hf-
isotope and trace-element compositions of zircons from modern drainages\,
ancient sediments and targeted igneous rocks. It has been applied to a wid
e range of fundamental and strategic research studies that resulted in >27
0 CEMOC/CCFS publications in both high-impact journals and those relevant
to mineral exploration. It has driven conceptual advances in understanding
the evolution of the Earth’s crust as well as delivering competitive ad
vantages to the exploration industry. \n
\nTerraneChron®\; was devel
oped by the GEMOC team at the dawn of this century and represented a break
through concept linked to emerging analytical technology with direct appli
cations for cost-effective routine exploration. It was inspired by the fi
rst convincing demonstration of high-precision in-situ microanalysis of Hf
isotopes in zircon and an extensive study of zircon trace-element composi
tions and links to host rock types. While the large datasets generated fo
r igneous and particularly for detrital zircon populations can be used to
address a range of geological questions\, they also present significant ch
allenges in terms of data reduction\, graphical representation and relaibl
e interpretation. Other challenges to address are biases in the detrital z
ircon record due to the limited range of rock compositions that readily cr
ystallize zircon\, and to the high preservation potential of zircon and th
us its persistence through mutiple cycles of erosion and sedimentation. Re
cent studies indicate that complementary isotopic and trace-element inform
ation collected on other accessory minerals (e.g. rutile\, apatite\, badde
leyite) offer a great potential to overcome these issues.\n
\nThe futur
e multi-mineral TerraneChron®\; approach will enable to provide higher-
reolution geochemical remote-sensing for analysing crustal evolution\, geo
chemical fingerprinting of geodynamic processes and evaluating the economi
c potential of target terranes.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/39/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Niloofar Karimian (Southern Cross University)
DTSTART:20201126T020000Z
DTEND:20201126T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/41
DESCRIPTION:Title: Redox Cycling of Iron and Sulfur and the Consequences for Ars
enic and Antimony Mobility in Acid Sulfate Soil Wetlands\nby Niloofar
Karimian (Southern Cross University) as part of ANU Research School of Ear
th Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Rese
arch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nA complex i
nterplay between hydrology\, redox conditions and Fe mineralogy leads to d
iverse reactions that determine contaminant fate and general water quality
in acid sulfate soil (ASS) wetlands. Many of the Fe minerals that commonl
y occur in ASS environments are both metastable and capable of being poten
t scavengers for toxic trace metals and metalloids under oxidising acidic
conditions. Some trace metals and metalloids (such as arsenic and antimony
) may have a large impact on environmental quality. Therefore\, a sound un
derstanding of metastable host-mineral phases and the corresponding behavi
our of associated trace metal/metalloid contaminants under fluctuating red
ox conditions is essential for ASS wetlands management.\nMy research focus
es on how mineral formation and evolution over time affects the geochemica
l behavior of toxic metalloids arsenic and antimony in the geo-environment
using a wide range of advanced analytical techniques including X-ray Abso
rption Spectroscopy (XAS). A major focus is on improving our understanding
of the potential effects of seasonal redox oscillations on Fe and S speci
ation and exploring the consequences for water quality. There is a need fo
r improved interpretation of the important processes which are likely to o
ccur in ASS and acid mine drainage (AMD) under fluctuating redox condition
s in order to better predict prospective environmental outcomes and choose
optimal management strategies.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/41/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sandra McLaren (The University of Melbourne)
DTSTART:20201029T020000Z
DTEND:20201029T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/42
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Neogene evolution of the Murray Basin – a unique contin
ental archive of tectonic\, climatic and geomorphic change\nby Sandra
McLaren (The University of Melbourne) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nOver
the last 40 million years large volumes of sedimentary rock were deposite
d in a remarkable intracontinental depocentre that extended across south-e
astern Australia. This region\, known as the Murray Basin\, was developed
above regions of eastern Australia that have a pre-history going back into
the Cambrian. This talk will look at the different sedimentary rocks with
in the Murray Basin and the broader tectonic environment in which this bas
in developed. These observations provide insight on the climatic\, environ
mental and geomorphic evolution\, including regional-scale tectonics\, dra
inage reorganisation and the onset of now-characteristic arid climatic con
ditions.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/42/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Adam Kent (Oregon State University)
DTSTART:20201119T020000Z
DTEND:20201119T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/43
DESCRIPTION:Title: What makes volcanoes erupt? Insights from petrology\nby A
dam Kent (Oregon State University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth
Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Resear
ch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nOne key aspec
t of volcanic eruptions are the mechanisms by which magmas go from stable
storage within the crust\, to ascent and eventual eruption\; described her
ein as eruption initiation. Although this process is often considered simp
listically\, a detailed understanding of the nature and timing of the phys
ical and chemical processes that lead to eruption initiation is an importa
nt consideration for resurrecting the past behavior of volcanic systems fr
om the geological record\, for interpreting volcano monitoring data\, and
for considering hazards and responses associated with future eruptions. Pe
trological approaches are particularly amenable for studying eruption init
iation\, as they involve some of the last high temperature processes that
affect erupted magmas\, and thus often leave clear signals preserved in th
e petrographic record. In addition petrological and related techniques oft
en provide the means to determine the timescale associated with eruption i
nitiation.\n\nA global survey of eruption initiation mechanisms deduced fr
om petrology and other observations shows that the most common initiation
processes preserved in the petrologic record are mafic recharge\, where re
sident silicic magmas are reactivated by addition of more mafic magma\, an
d rejuvenation\, where hotter magmas of broadly similar bulk composition a
re added. For rejuvenation we can also identify both mafic rejuvenation an
d felsic rejuvenation as this process occurs in both mafic and silicic sys
tems. Increases in overpressure associated with vapor accumulation may als
o leave a petrologic record\, but are less commonly documented. Other prop
osed mechanisms of eruption initiation such as critical buoyancy\, roof fa
ilure\, or far field triggering\, appear less likely to leave unambiguous
petrologic signatures.\n\nWe have documented the erupted volume\, composit
ion\, style and initiation timescale (the time between initiation in the s
ubsurface and eventual eruption) for over 70 eruptions at 40 volcanoes wor
ldwide. Results show statistically significant differences in all these pa
rameters are associated with different eruption mechanisms. This in turn s
uggests that prior knowledge of the likely eruption initiation mechanism\,
obtained via monitoring observations and/or study of previous eruptions\,
has important predictive power.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/43/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ed Stolper (Caltech)
DTSTART:20201210T020000Z
DTEND:20201210T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/44
DESCRIPTION:Title: Variations in the oxygen fugacity of the upper mantle due to
solid-solid phase equilibria and partial melting\nby Ed Stolper (Calte
ch) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLec
ture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, A
NU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nDecades of study have documented several ord
ers of magnitude variation in the oxygen fugacity (ƒO2) of ter
restrial magmas and of mantle peridotites. This variability has been prima
rily attributed either to differences in the redox states of multivalent e
lements (e.g.\, Fe3+/Fe2+) in mantle sources or to p
rocesses acting on melts after segregation from their sources (e.g.\, crys
tallization or degassing). I will show\, however\, that the well-understoo
d phase equilibria of fertile peridotite that produce the plagioclase$\\ri
ghtarrow$spinel$\\rightarrow$garnet lherzolite transitions and the variati
ons in Al content in pyroxenes within each of these facies can lead to sig
nificant\, systematic variations in ƒO2 in the upper ~120 km o
f the mantle. In addition\, although isobaric melting generally leads to
decreasing ƒO2\, isentropic decompression melting can result i
n the ∆FMQ of peridotite increasing by ~1 log unit. This also reflects
primarily the effects of solid–solid phase transitions\, with melting it
self only introducing a small perturbation on melt-absent trends. These e
ffects of pressure- and temperature-dependent phase equilibria on the ƒO<
sub>2 of peridotite of constant composition and on lower degree part
ial melts of peridotite are likely to be superimposed on variations due to
bulk O2 content: As a result\, these effects should also be c
onsidered in efforts to understand observed variations in the oxygen fugac
ities of magmas and their mantle sources.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/44/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Harriet Lau (UC Berkeley\, USA)
DTSTART:20210204T020000Z
DTEND:20210204T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/49
DESCRIPTION:Title: Tidal Tomography: What an often-neglected phenomenon known as
Earth tides can tell us about buoyancy in the deepest part of the mantle.
\nby Harriet Lau (UC Berkeley\, USA) as part of ANU Research School of
Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\,
Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nEarth
’s mantle is a key component of the Earth system: its circulation drives
plate tectonics\, the long-term recycling of Earth’s volatiles\, and as
such\, holds fundamental implications for the Earth’s surface environme
nt. In order to understand this evolution\, a key parameter of the mantle
must be known\, namely its buoyancy. In this talk\, I will discuss how E
arth’s body tide can provide fresh and independent constraints on deep m
antle buoyancy through a newly developed technique called Tidal Tomogra
phy and how these results compare to other recent inferences on mantle
buoyancy.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/49/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nathan Daczko (Macquarie University)
DTSTART:20201112T020000Z
DTEND:20201112T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/50
DESCRIPTION:Title: (1) Crust-mantle interaction: reactive melt ascent through th
e lower arc crust (2) Detrimental effects of coupled dissolution-precipita
tion on geochronology\nby Nathan Daczko (Macquarie University) as part
of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held i
n Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton ca
mpus.\n\nAbstract\n#1 The production and modification of continental crust
is an integral part of plate tectonics and involves the transfer of melt
through the lower crust to mid and upper crustal levels. This talk summari
ses the different modes of melt transfer recognised in the lower crustal s
ections of the well-exposed Mesozoic magmatic arc of Fiordland\, New Zeala
nd\, involving: (1) diffuse and channelized porous melt flow under conditi
ons of low differential stress\, (2) syntectonic\, channelized porous melt
flow and (3) brittle failure allowing melt transfer via dyking. Each mech
anism has distinct field\, microstructural and geochemical signatures that
can be used to identify them. At the same time these signatures inform ab
out the details of the processes involved. Common to all three mechanisms
is the inference that the system is open and that the migrating melt is ex
ternally derived. Hence\, it is likely to be in chemical disequilibrium wi
th the host rocks through which it migrates. The chemical potential drives
melt-rock reaction and the development of complex microstructures\, micro
chemistry and rock textures. Analogous to aqueous fluid-rock interaction\,
features typical of reactive transport of melt through the crust are comm
on and include reaction fronts\, finger structures and rapid replacement o
f the host assemblage by a distinct\, high variance assemblage by coupled
dissolution-precipitation. The key field relationships and microstructural
and microchemical fingerprints of reactive melt ascent are summarised to
enable others to recognise pathways of melt migration in other settings. (
Previously-recorded talk can be found here)\n
\n\n#2 Locations including East Antarctica are well known
for rocks that exhibit complex geochronology based on U-Pb data for zirco
n and monazite grains that spreads close to concordia over tens to a few h
undreds of Myr. Traditionally\, the oldest analyses are used to infer the
age of igneous crystallisation or a high-T metamorphic event\, whereas the
youngest ages point toward the timing of a Pb-loss event. While the isoto
pic and trace element characteristics of zircon and monazite have been wel
l characterised\, clear links to microstructural patterns are often lackin
g\, as for example where core domains are dated as younger than rim domain
s. This talk presents newly published data for granitic melt-monazite reac
tion experiments and compares the compositions and textures of the reactio
n products to those of natural samples from East Antarctica and elsewhere.
The experiments resulted in a range of complex textures that are attribut
ed to both dissolution and coupled dissolution-precipitation processes. Th
e microstructure of natural zircon from both gabbroic and granitic rocks a
nd monazite from a range of rocks are comparable to the modified grains in
our experiments. Additionally\, the complexly modified isotopic signature
s\, including ages\, of the monazite reacted in the experiments mimic natu
ral complex data sets. The complex textures and age-data patterns of natur
al zircon and monazite grains are interpreted as the result of melt-mediat
ed coupled dissolution-precipitation reactions acting on pre-existing zirc
on and monazite grains. This process skews apparent ages towards the age o
f melt-mineral interaction. Therefore\, significance is placed on the youn
gest grains to date high-T anatectic events. We highlight that zircon and
monazite grains modified via coupled dissolution-precipitation during melt
-rock interaction may not faithfully record the age or duration of metamor
phism in melt-present systems and caution against relying on complex data
sets for such interpretations. These datasets are in some cases unlikely t
o be geologically meaningful. (Previously-recorded talk can be found here)\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/50/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Eleanor Green (University of Melbourne)
DTSTART:20210211T020000Z
DTEND:20210211T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/51
DESCRIPTION:Title: Uncertainties and correlations in geological phase equilibriu
m modelling\nby Eleanor Green (University of Melbourne) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaege
r 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n
\nAbstract\n"Phase equilibrium modelling" in today's metamorphic and igneo
us petrology commonly refers to pseudosection calculations\, using one of
THERMOCALC\, Perple_X or Theriak-Domino. The calculation of pseudosections
(Powell\, Holland & Worley 1998 J Metam Geol 16 577) is a method of therm
obarometry by forward modelling. It evolved in the late 1990s from multipl
e-reaction thermobarometry\, an inverse approach that applied the power of
internally-consistent datasets to the more traditional single-reaction ap
proach to thermometry and barometry. \n\nA primary reason for developing t
he pseudosection approach was to show what large uncertainties afflict the
rmobarometry\, as derived from the modelling of the equilibrium. But the u
ncertainties are far from transparent to the user. There is a good reason
for that - the structure of the uncertainties is sufficiently complicated
that the developers struggle with how to frame it\, too. A new tool in THE
RMOCALC\, currently in development\, should move us forward with this.\n\n
If the discussion of uncertainty in thermobarometry is difficult\, the pro
blem looks even harder once we consider recent efforts to combine phase eq
uilibrium modelling with other computational disciplines in the Earth Scie
nces. While there are no straightforward answers\, there are important con
cepts that we should be aware of. \n\nIn today's talk I will give an overv
iew of the uncertainties challenge from a model developer's perspective.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/51/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chris Elders (Curtin University)
DTSTART:20201105T020000Z
DTEND:20201105T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/52
DESCRIPTION:Title: The evolution of the North West Shelf\nby Chris Elders (C
urtin University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school
seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Eart
h Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nWhile there is probably no suc
h things as a “typical” passive continental margin\, the evolution of
the North West Shelf of Australia is particularly complex. It has experie
nced a series of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rift events\, many of which are a
ssociated with the separation of micro-continental fragments\, although th
e mechanism by which this occurs is unclear.\n\nUnderstanding the Palaeozo
ic history of the margin is particularly difficult as stratigraphic succes
sions of this age are deeply buried and\, apart from on the basin margins\
, are not often penetrated by wells. However\, the widespread availabilit
y of high quality seismic reflection data does provide some constraints.
The importance of Permian rifting in controlling the fundamental architect
ure of the margin has become increasingly apparent\, as has the complexity
of events during the Triassic. Our understanding of the tectonic setting
of the margin during this period of time continues to evolve.\n\nExtensio
nal fault activity during the Mesozoic is also more complex than previousl
y recognised. Fault activity is clearly diachronous and the dominant faul
t orientation does not necessarily appear consistent with plate tectonic r
econstructions\, suggesting that processes other than plate boundary condi
tions may drive deformation. Sedimentary systems do however respond to ch
anges in plate tectonic configuration and the evolution of the rift system
.\n\nDeformation of the margin continues after final break up (separation
of Greater India and Australia)\, and it turns out that the margin is not
particularly “passive” after all. Although not necessarily typical\,
the data-rich nature of the margin does provide insights into the range of
processes that operate on rifted continental margins.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/52/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Luke Parsons (University of Washington)
DTSTART:20191010T020000Z
DTEND:20191010T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/53
DESCRIPTION:Title: Interdecadal Temperature Variability in Climate Model Simulat
ions and Paleoclimate Data\nby Luke Parsons (University of Washington)
as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLectur
e held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU
Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe combined impacts of natural climate variabi
lity and global warming will define how we experience 21st century climate
change. If natural\, interdecadal climate variability is strong relative
to global warming\, our future climate path may unfold like a jagged stair
case. By contrast\, if internal climate variability is weak relative to fo
rced climate change\, our future climate path may be more smooth. Despite
the importance of interdecadal climate variability for determining this fu
ture climate path\, we have a limited understanding of which regions are d
riving decade-long warming and cooling shifts in global surface air temper
ature. It is difficult to study temperature variations lasting decades to
centuries because instrumental observations tend to be too short\, and cli
mate model simulations often disagree on regional sources of natural clima
te variability. Here I use a new data set\, the Last Millennium Reanalysis
(LMR)\, that combines pre-instrumental (paleoclimate) records with climat
e model data to extend our knowledge of past climate variations and what m
ay be causing them. The LMR climate field reconstructions suggest that reg
ions of the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans are associated with gl
obal temperature variations on decadal timescales.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/53/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Lisa Tauxe (University of California\, San Diego)
DTSTART:20191017T020000Z
DTEND:20191017T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/54
DESCRIPTION:Title: Hunting the Magnetic Field\nby Lisa Tauxe (University of
California\, San Diego) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe strength of the magn
etic field is one of the fundamental properties of the Earth\, and its beh
aviour over time has implications in disparate fields such as geodynamics
and archaeology. Thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) has a quasi-linear r
elationship to the ambient magnetic field applied during cooling of magma.
This process can be reproduced in the laboratory\, making it possible to
estimate absolute paleointensity of Earth's magnetic field. TRM\, of all t
he forms of remanent magnetization formed in nature\, has the strongest th
eoretical basis thanks to the work of Néel (1949) and Thellier & Thellier
(1959). Despite the simplicity of TRM theory for ideal\, uniformly magnet
ized grains\, there are many complications that make interpretation of pal
eointensity data difficult. And there are clues in the present data base t
hat things can go very wrong. For example\, although we know that paleomag
netic directions on Earth’s surface are well explained by a simple geoce
ntric axial dipole field model\, intensity data for even the best studied
lava flow (Hawaii\, 1960) have estimates spanning the entire range on Eart
h’s surface and even higher. We must do better! Recent results from micr
omagnetic modeling\, laboratory analogue experiments\, and new approaches
to data selection and field sampling lead to the optimistic view that accu
rate estimates are achievable. In this lecture I will review where we are\
, how we got there and where we can go with paleointensity estimates.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/54/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Caitlin Whalen (University of Washington)
DTSTART:20191031T020000Z
DTEND:20191031T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/55
DESCRIPTION:Title: Internal Wave Driven Mixing in the Ocean: Governing Processes
and Consequences for Climate\nby Caitlin Whalen (University of Washin
gton) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nL
ecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\,
ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nWinds blowing over the ocean’s surface a
nd tides flowing over rough bathymetry can produce oceanic internal waves
that can propagate horizontally as well as vertically until they break and
turbulently mix the water. Even though this mixing occurs on centimeter s
cales\, it has global consequences for the ocean’s density structure\, c
irculation\, and surface properties. I will review what we currently know
about the mechanisms\, geography\, and consequences of internal wave drive
n mixing in the ocean. Throughout the review I will highlight recent work
on the role of mesoscale currents in wind-driven internal wave mixing\, th
e vertical structure of mixing in the ocean\, and mixing in a changing cli
mate.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/55/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Babak Hejrani (Geoscience Australia)
DTSTART:20191114T020000Z
DTEND:20191114T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/56
DESCRIPTION:Title: Advances in Seismic Source determination\, application to sei
smicity in Australasia\nby Babak Hejrani (Geoscience Australia) as par
t of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held
in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton c
ampus.\n\nAbstract\nThe majority of the Earth’s seismic activity occurs
within the top 30 km of the crust suggesting that plate tectonic processes
are driven by relatively shallow dynamics. At the same time large\, shall
ow and tsunamigenic earthquakes are among the most destructive natural dis
asters faced by Australia and the Pacific ‘ring-of-fire’. As an exampl
e\, the 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake and associated tsunami reagically ki
lled ~230\,000 people in 14 countries. In this context\, accurate estimati
on of the location\, duration\, depth and mechanism of shallow earthquakes
is crucial for seismic hazard assessments and a better understanding of t
he near-surface dynamics of the Earth.\n\nSince four decades ago\, earthqu
ake source parameters have been estimated at through waveform modelling of
low-frequency data and the results collected in earthquake catalogues suc
h as the global-centroid-moment-tensor (GCMT) and USGS. These catalogues r
ely on two assumptions: 1) one-dimensional spherically symmetric Earth mod
els\, and 2) the point source approximation of seismic source. However\, i
t is well-understood that the Earth's structure varies significantly with
lateral position (as is observed in tomographic maps of the Earth’s inte
rior). It has also been shown that earthquake originate at elongated (some
times very complex) ruptures and not point wources.\n\nI have developed an
d implemented methods to incorporate the 3D heterogeneity of the earth int
o seismic source parameter estimation. Based on these developments\, I hav
e drawn a new earthquake catalogue for Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Is
lands using a 3D continental model of the Australasian region and I will d
iscuss the new insights that this dataset provides. Using high-resolution
3D Earth models\, I present a high-frequency simulation of the 2016 Peterm
ann Ranges earthquake in central Australia\, the 2013 nuclear explosion in
North Korea and the 2007 Caldera collapse on Reunion Island.\n\nI present
my ongoing research to go beyond the point source approximation where I s
eek new intelligent methods to simulate the length\, complexity and durati
on of large earthquakes.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/56/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Luc Doucet
DTSTART:20190808T030000Z
DTEND:20190808T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/57
DESCRIPTION:Title: Formation of the early continental lithosphere - the message
from non-traditional stable isotopes\nby Luc Doucet as part of ANU Res
earch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAb
stract\nThe Earth’s earliest continental lithosphere comprises two compo
nents: a dominantly felsic continental crust and a cratonic lithospheric m
antle. However\, whether those result from a process of differentiation fr
om the primitive mantle or are two distinct components deposited\, possibl
y hundreds of millions of years later\, is still unknown. Metal stable iso
tope ratios are sensitive to magmatic processes but compared to radiogenic
isotope ratios that have been widely used for the past decades to track c
rust-mantle differentiation\, stable isotopes do not evolve with time. As
such\, metal isotope ratios do not require a priori knowledge of the ages
of the different terrestrial reservoirs and are direct witnesses of geolog
ical processes. They can be used for direct comparison between the mantle
and the continental crust without age correction.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/57/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Kasper van Wijk (University of Auckland)
DTSTART:20190822T030000Z
DTEND:20190822T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/58
DESCRIPTION:Title: Remote sensing of the elastic properties of solids: a journey
from seismology to laser ultrasound (and back)\nby Kasper van Wijk (U
niversity of Auckland) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences sc
hool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of
Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nSeismic waves allow us to
make inferences about the properties of the Earth in places we cannot dir
ectly sample. In doing so\, we depend on our understanding of the in situ
elastic properties of rock. One of the goals in The Physical Acoustics Lab
is to improve this understanding with laser-based ultrasonic measurements
under high pressure and temperature. As we have been developing this tech
nology\, many intriguing applications beside rock physics emerged along th
e way. Part of this presentation will be devoted to some of these applicat
ions\, including seismology on an apple\, photoacoustic medical imaging\,
and some adventures in the physics of ice.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/58/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nicholas Thouveny (Universite d'Aix Marseilles)
DTSTART:20190820T013000Z
DTEND:20190820T023000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/59
DESCRIPTION:Title: Cosmogenic 10Be and paleomagnetic records of the Earth’s ma
gnetic field history : news and views\nby Nicholas Thouveny (Universit
e d'Aix Marseilles) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences schoo
l seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Ea
rth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nRecords of paleomagnetic act
ivity (relative paleointensity\, RPI) and cosmogenic Beryllium production
(authigenic 10Be/9Be ratio) can be reconstructed fro
m ocean sediment sequences (deposited at rates of 2 to 20 cm/kyr). These d
ata can in turn be used to identify Geomagnetic dipole lows (GDL) associat
ed with reversals of earth's magnetic field and geomagnetic excursions. 10
\n\n\n
\n\n
\n\nModeling and observing the globa
l ocean environment requires a coordinated global effort. Yet\, as in most
STEM disciplines\, Africans are under-represented in the global oceanogra
phy enterprise. The need\, and the potential\, for changing this is clear.
The coastal resources of Africa\, the world's second-largest continent\,
face many pressures including erosion due to sea-level rise\, offshore oil
drilling\, increased shipping\, overfishing\, piracy\, and others. At the
same time\, Africa has a young\, rapidly growing population\, and has sev
eral of the world's fastest-growing economies. The time is ripe for develo
ping STEM partnerships between Africa and the rest of the world\, and a mo
re diverse global scientific community will benefit everyone.\n\nWith the
above motivations in mind\, we developed the Coastal Ocean Environment Sum
mer School in Ghana. Following an exploratory trip in 2014\, during which
we met potential partnering institutions\, we have been running the school
for one week every August since 2015. The hosting Ghana institution alter
nates between Regional Maritime University (RMU)\, which trains West Afric
ans for careers in shipping\, port management\, and other marine sector ca
reers\, and the University of Ghana (UG)\, which has a marine and fisherie
s sciences department. Over time the school curriculum has grown to includ
e hands-on labs\, a boat trip\, instrument deployments\, field trips to be
aches and ports\, and short research projects\, in addition to lectures. F
rom 2016-2019\, about 100 West Africans participated per year. The school
has a regional impact\; an increasing number of participants come from Nig
eria and other countries outside of Ghana. Instruction is done by resource
persons from Ghana\, the US\, and Europe. Global north participants have
included undergraduates\, graduate students\, postdocs\, and professors/re
search scientists.\n\nWe will briefly discuss school success stories\, our
experience running the school virtually in 2020 (for about 60-70 particip
ants)\, funding challenges\, and our vision for the future of the school.\
n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/119/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Maryjo Brounce (UC Riverside)
DTSTART:20210415T030000Z
DTEND:20210415T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/120
DESCRIPTION:Title: Enrichment in H2O and elevated Fe oxidation states are linke
d to material recycling in Izu-Bonin-Mariana lavas\nby Maryjo Brounce
(UC Riverside) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school sem
inar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth S
ciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nElevated water and select trace element concentrations
\, and higher Fe3+/TFe ratios distinguish arc basalts from mid-ocean ridge
basalts. It is broadly accepted that the elevated water contents and cert
ain incompatible trace element abundances are linked to the presence of fl
uids and/or melts from subducting oceanic slabs\, but recently\, the reaso
n for elevated Fe3+/TFe of arc basalts has been more controversial. In thi
s talk\, I will show measurements of major\, trace\, and volatile contents
and Fe3+/TFe ratios of submarine glass and olivine hosted melt inclusions
from the Izu-Bonin-Marian system that sample 1) a range of extent of infl
uence from the subducting Pacific plate from the back-arc to the central a
rc\, and 2) various stages of the lifetime of the system\, from the initia
tion of the margin ~52 Ma to present day. Despite changes in crustal thick
ness\, major element chemistry of mafic lavas\, and dissolved sulfur conte
nts of silicate glass in both space and time\, erupted samples with Fe3+/T
Fe ratios higher than typical MORB always have elevated water and select t
race element contents. This coherence for all erupted samples from the Eoc
ene to present day and from the back-arc to well-established arc volcanoes
strongly links the production of oxidized\, hydrous lavas with the releas
e of fluids and/or melts in to the mantle in the IBM system.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/120/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Michael Griffiths (William Paterson University)
DTSTART:20210506T030000Z
DTEND:20210506T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/121
DESCRIPTION:Title: Monsoons\, Megadroughts and Migration: Paleo Perspectives fr
om Southeast Asian Cave Records\nby Michael Griffiths (William Paterso
n University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school semi
nar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sc
iences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\n\nThe middle part of the Holocene epoch\, between 6 and 4 th
ousand years ago\, was characterized by crippling ‘megadroughts’ that
led to the disruption of ancient civilizations across large parts of Afric
a and Asia. Indeed\, collapse of the Akkadian Empire of Mesopotamia\, the
de-urbanization of the Indus Civilization\, and the spread of pastoralism
along the Nile\, are all examples of societal shifts that have been linked
with climate extremes (e.g.\, the ‘4.2 ka event’) during this period.
Yet\, the extent of these climate extremes in mainland Southeast Asia (MS
EA) has never been defined. This is despite archeological evidence showing
a shift in human settlement patterns across the region during this period
. We report evidence from cave stalagmite climate records indicating a maj
or decrease of monsoon rainfall in MSEA during the mid- to late Holocene\,
coincident with African monsoon failure during the end of the ‘Green Sa
hara’. Through a set of climate modeling experiments\, we show that redu
ced vegetation and increased dust emissions during the Green Sahara termin
ation shifted the Walker circulation eastward and cooled the Indian Ocean\
, causing a reduction in monsoon rainfall in MSEA. Our results indicate th
at vegetation-dust climate feedbacks from Sahara drying may have been the
catalyst for societal shifts in MSEA via ocean atmospheric teleconnections
.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/121/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Yinan Wang (Johns Hopkins University)
DTSTART:20210520T030000Z
DTEND:20210520T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/122
DESCRIPTION:Title: Alternate careers in geology? The collector's market for roc
ks\, minerals\, and fossils\nby Yinan Wang (Johns Hopkins University)
as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n\nAbstr
act\n
\n\n\nThe natural
history market has existed since the 1800's and recently has become extrem
ely popular as crystal and fossil collecting has taken off. This talk will
explore the history of commercial natural history\, how the field has cha
nged\, and what the future holds as the auction market begins to look at n
atural history as art more than science.\n\nI grew up in upstate New York
in the United States and I've been collecting minerals and fossils since I
was a kid. I went to Princeton University for college and got a bachelors
in geosciences\, with a specialization in mass extinctions. Over the past
few years I've been in a variety of industries including selling rocks an
d minerals\, and as a natural history consultant at an auction house. I'v
e kept a toe in the sciences by contributing to paleoentomological researc
h\, mostly via interesting fossil insect specimens I find in amber. In 201
8 I published a young adult book entitled "The 50 State Fossils\, a guideb
ook for the aspiring paleontologist" which won a silver medal from the Ind
ependent Publishers Book Awards. In 2020 I published "50 State Gems and Mi
nerals". I'm currently a graduate student in Geospatial Intelligence at Jo
hns Hopkins University.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/122/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Wenbo Wu (Caltech)
DTSTART:20210513T030000Z
DTEND:20210513T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/123
DESCRIPTION:Title: Seismic ocean thermometry using land-based seismometers and
hydrophones\nby Wenbo Wu (Caltech) as part of ANU Research School of E
arth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Re
search School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nAs the ma
jor buffer of Earth's energy imbalance\, the ocean plays a key role in reg
ulating global climate and\n temperature changes. However\, a
ccurate estimation of global\n ocean temperature change remai
ns a challenging sampling\n problem. To complement existing p
oint measurements\, we have\n developed a novel and low-cost
method of using travel time\n changes of acoustic waves from
repeating natural\n earthquakes to infer basin-scale average
ocean temperature\n changes. In this study\, we implement thi
s method using a\n seismometer and two CTBTO hydrophones in t
he Eastern Indian\n ocean to infer the large-scale ocean temp
erature changes\n with a high temporal resolution. We detect
not only\n seasonal signals\, which are generally consistent
with that\n in previous oceanographic datasets of ECCO and Ar
go\, but\n also more interesting features missing in ECCO and
Argo.\n These results suggest that seismic ocean thermometry
offers\n new opportunities for monitoring ocean warming.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/123/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sarah Lambart (The University of Utah)
DTSTART:20210603T030000Z
DTEND:20210603T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/124
DESCRIPTION:Title: What First Row Transition Elements can tell us about the lit
hological make-up of the mantle\nby Sarah Lambart (The University of U
tah) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLe
cture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\,
ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nMantle heterogeneity has a first-order control of t
he petrological and geochemical differences of erupted mafic lavas worldwi
de. Whether this heterogeneity reflects only chemical variability or also
lithological differences in source regions is debated. Because of their co
ntrasted partitioning behaviors between mantle phases\, First Row Transiti
on Elements (FRTEs) are considered as potential lithological tracers. Usin
g a combination of published data on natural and experimental samples and
new high precision analyses (high-current microprobe and LA-ICP-MS analyse
s)\, we investigated the various parameters that control FRTE exchange coe
fficients (Kd) between common mantle minerals and performed inverse modeli
ng to test if FRTE ratios from basalt compositions can be used to solve fo
r modal proportions in their mantle source. We applied the Kd determined f
rom mantle lithologies in this study\, along with experimental melt-minera
l partitioning coefficients and a simplified batch melting model\, on two
basalt suites for their contrasted Mn/Fe and Zn/Fe ratios. Our results sho
w that a same FRTE ratio can be explained by a range of modal proportions
in the source. However\, when combined\, FRTE ratios become a powerful too
l to constrain the nature of the source.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/124/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ariel Anbar (Arizona State University)
DTSTART:20210527T030000Z
DTEND:20210527T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/125
DESCRIPTION:Title: Redox Revolutions - Earth and Beyond\nby Ariel Anbar (Ar
izona State University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/125/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Kim Picard (Geoscience Australia)
DTSTART:20210610T030000Z
DTEND:20210610T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/126
DESCRIPTION:Title: AusSeabed: Making seabed mapping data easily accessible\
nby Kim Picard (Geoscience Australia) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nAustralia
’s marine jurisdiction covers over 10 million square kilometres\, but le
ss than 25% of its seafloor is mapped at the appropriate resolution to sup
port safe navigation and the sustainable development and management of our
marine resources. Seabed mapping data underpins all aspects of ocean scie
nce and marine engineering. However\, until recently\, limited coordinatio
n of mapping activities by a range of marine industries\, government agenc
ies and universities has resulted in duplication of effort\, lack of consi
stency\, loss of efficiency and limited reuse of data by a variety of end-
users. The AusSeabed community\, comprising representatives from marine in
dustries\, government and universities\, is building a scalable\, cloud-ba
sed\, open source solution to address these issues. The adoptable and adap
table tools being developed through this initiative will establish a new f
rontier of marine big data analytics by facilitating standardised survey p
lanning\, acquisition methods\, quality control tools and data processing
in a configurable discovery and delivery portal. Importantly\, this work i
s enabling seamless collation of bathymetry datasets and their integration
with other marine data types\, including seabed sediments and habitats. T
his presentation highlights AusSeabed current progress and forward plan.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/126/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick (UNSW)
DTSTART:20210617T030000Z
DTEND:20210617T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/127
DESCRIPTION:Title: The status and next steps of event attribution in Climate Sc
ience\nby Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick (UNSW) as part of ANU Research Sch
ool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar R
oom\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nE
xtreme event attribution is a field of climate science rapidly growing in
popularity\, despite being relatively new. In event attribution studies\,
the anthropogenic climate signal of an observed extreme event is determine
d by comparing the frequency and/or magnitude of the event in factual and
counterfactual climates. This process is heavily reliant on physical clima
te models and their ability to simulate events like the one of interest\,
as well as the underpinning physical mechanisms. Whilst an anthropogenic s
ignal is readily found for heat extremes\, it is not always the case for o
ther extreme events which are more prone to influences of variability\, an
d/or are not modelled as accurately. Moreover\, different approaches and/o
r physical models employed for attribution may yield different results\, w
hich\, although scientifically plausible\, poses significant communication
challenges. Recently\, attributing the impacts of extremes to climate cha
nge has also been explored\, however there are nuances in the methodology
which hinders a direct application of the attribution of the extreme event
directly to its impacts. Whilst event attribution is useful and powerful\
, such challenges cannot be ignored. This talk will address and discuss th
ese challenges and propose ways they may be overcome in the future.\n\n \n
\nBio:\n\nSarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick is a Senior Lecturer/ARC Future Fellow
in the School of Science\, UNSW Canberra. She received her PhD in 2010 f
rom the Climate Change Research Centre at UNSW Sydney\, where she also wor
ked from 2011-2020. As a climate scientist specialising in extreme events\
, Sarah’s expertise focuses on heatwaves and event attribution. She has
lead pioneering research how to measure heatwaves and their changes in the
observational record. Sarah has analysed how heatwaves will change under
various scenarios of global warming\, both over Australia and globally. Sh
e is also interested in how natural climate variability drives heatwaves\,
as well as employing detection and attribution methods to understand how
climate change influences specific extremes and their impacts. Sarah has c
o-authored 80 publications throughout her career\, most of which focus on
extreme heat in a changing climate. She is also passionate about science c
ommunication\, and regularly comments on all things heatwaves and climate
change in both the Australian and international media.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/127/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Patricia Persaud (Louisiana State University)
DTSTART:20210715T030000Z
DTEND:20210715T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/128
DESCRIPTION:Title: Why sedimentary basin geometry must be included in predictio
ns of earthquake ground motions\nby Patricia Persaud (Louisiana State
University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school semina
r\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scie
nces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nAn overdue large-magnitude earthquake rupture on the sou
thern San Andreas fault will have severe impacts for residents of the dens
ely populated Los Angeles area. Due to the lack of recent large earthquake
s\, seismic hazard estimates for the region are mainly based on hypothetic
al simulations of earthquake rupture that give estimates of the ground mot
ion or shaking. One of the key ingredients in such simulations is an Earth
model that is representative of the real geology and rock properties. Our
work improves the ground motion estimates in the region by applying newly
developed approaches to update the standard Southern California Earthquak
e Center - Community Velocity Models used in earthquake hazard estimates b
y embedding basin models that include explosive shots. I will present our
evaluation of this new generation of hybrid Earth models in the vicinity o
f the southern San Andreas fault in the Salton Trough. Our methodology can
be applied to other regions to rapidly and cost-effectively improve earth
quake ground motion modeling efforts.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/128/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Penny King (RSES)
DTSTART:20210722T030000Z
DTEND:20210722T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/129
DESCRIPTION:Title: Linked evolution of planetary surfaces and atmospheres\n
by Penny King (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences scho
ol seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of E
arth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nThere are many outstanding questions about the evolution
of the surface and atmosphere on the inner planets. Why is Earth a water
world and how did its early surface interact with the atmosphere? How and
why did Mars’s surface and atmosphere lose most of their H2O? Why is the
martian surface covered in uniform dust with abundant iron oxides\, sulfu
r and chlorine salts\, and rare carbonate minerals? Why does Venus have a
thick atmosphere? Why does Mercury have no atmosphere and putative reduce
d minerals?\n
\nIn this talk\, I will examine the hypothesis that high t emperature reactions between gases and surface materials\, early in the hi story of these planets\, provide a framework to explain the planet’s bro ad surface and atmospheric features.\n
\nHot gas-solid reactions are co mmon on Earth and occur at volcanoes today. Our group has documented these reactions in the 2018 ash eruptions at Kilauea volcano and in the sub-sur face of volcanoes. The reaction products are consistent with the results o f our recent experiments and thermochemical models showing that hot gases react rapidly and efficiently with common silicate minerals and glasses to produce predictable products. These reactions occur over both temporal an d lateral scales that demonstrably influence the evolution of a planet.\n< p> \nSince Mars has the oldest and best exposed crust\, it provides a help ful analogue for the early inner planets. Our experiments and models show that Mars’s surface and atmospheric evolution could occur via basaltic volcanism\, impacts (including impacts into ice) and sedimentary processes \; rather than catastrophic climate change inducing water-loss. We sugges t that gas-solid reactions significantly contributed to the atmospheres of the inner planets by effectively “scrubbing” the reactive gases out o f the early martian atmosphere leaving behind carbon dioxide gas\, iron ox ides\, sulfur- and chlorine- minerals and rare carbonates.\n
\nThis fra
mework for Mars can be extrapolated to explain the surface and atmospheric
evolution on Venus and Earth. The differences between the planets today
largely depend on the planet’s size and heliocentric distance which cont
rolled the extent of surface-atmosphere-ice reactions.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/129/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mark Harrison (UCLA)
DTSTART:20210701T030000Z
DTEND:20210701T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/131
DESCRIPTION:Title: When Did Earth Become Habitable\nby Mark Harrison (UCLA)
as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLectur
e held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU
Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n
\n\nSeismology has come
a long way in providing insights into Earth's internal structure and dyna
mics. Among many forward and inverse geophysical techniques developed\, fu
ll-waveform modelling\, seismic tomography and receiver-based studies enab
led detailed imaging of Earth's subsurface. Apart from earthquake waves\,
analysing the Earth's ambient noise in the last two decades revolutionized
Earth's interior studies. That enabled imaging of Earth structure in plac
es where earthquakes or receivers do not exist.\n
\nAt the same time\, p rogress in imaging the Earth's deepest shells has been impeded by the unev en global distribution of earthquakes and receivers and the fact that the ambient noise studies cannot reach deeper than the uppermost Earth's shell s. In seeking the ways forward\, we started experimenting with similarity – comparing digital waveforms recorded at different locations many hours after the onset of large earthquakes. As in many science disciplines\, in itial work on this topic resulted in controversies and led to new realisat ions and discoveries that altogether contributed to the rise of a new conc ept – the correlation wavefield\, a common theme throughout my talk.\n
\n“Detecting similarity between weak signals is more valuable than dete cting them.” \n
\nOnce this concept is fully understood through theore
tical developments\, it becomes a powerful way to study Earth's deep struc
ture\, including its innermost shell – the inner core. I will provide a
review of my group’s most important results and ambitions to date\, with
brief stops at the Earth’s centre and its various shells\, the Southern
Ocean bottom\, Mars\, the Outback and Antarctica. I hope to demonstrate t
hat this new concept may play a central role in global and planetary seism
ology in the coming decades.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/132/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tanya Smith (Griffith University)
DTSTART:20210805T030000Z
DTEND:20210805T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/133
DESCRIPTION:Title: Tales Teeth Tell: Diet\, Stress & Climate\nby Tanya Smit
h (Griffith University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n
\nTeeth are some of the best preserved and most commonly-recovered elements in human skeletal assemblages. Dental ti ssues contain remarkably faithful records of their development through tim e\, best represented by daily incremental features in enamel and dentine. These features have been used to determine the rate and duration of tooth formation\, disruptions during development\, and age at death in juveniles . Syntheses of tooth growth and chemistry allow insights into early life d iets\, developmental stress\, and environmental change. Due to rapid techn ological developments\, these new approaches have the potential to increas e our understanding of human biology\, including the impacts of cultural t ransitions and climate variability. The integration of temporal\, structur al\, and chemical approaches heralds a bright future for research in archa eological science\, earth science\, and evolutionary anthropology.\n\n
\ nBio\n
\nDr. Tanya Smith is an ARC Future Fellow and a Professor in the
Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution and the Griffith Centre for
Social and Cultural Research at Griffith University. She has previously h
eld a professorship at Harvard University and fellowships at the Radcliffe
Institute for Advanced Study and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionar
y Anthropology. Tanya received her doctorate in Anthropological Sciences f
rom Stony Brook University (NY\, USA). Her research is currently funded by
the Australian Academy of Science and the Australian Research Council. Ta
nya’s popular science book\, The Tales Teeth Tell\, was published by MIT
Press in 2018.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/133/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Andrew Roberts (RSES)
DTSTART:20210812T030000Z
DTEND:20210812T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/134
DESCRIPTION:Title: Do the fossilized remains of magnetic bacteria tell us anyth
ing about ancient environments or Earth’s earliest magnetic field?\n
by Andrew Roberts (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences
school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School
of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nMagnetotactic bacteria
(MTB) are diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize perfect stoichiometric ma
gnetite (Fe3O4) crystals or less perfect greigite (Fe3S4) crystals within
their cells. MTB are thought to be ubiquitous in aquatic environments and
their ability to produce magnetically ideal nanomagnets means that their p
ost-mortem remains (magnetofossils) can potentially provide widespread and
superb sedimentary records of ancient planetary magnetic field variations
. The dominant view is that MTB live within chemical gradients across the
oxic-anoxic interface (OAI) in water columns and sediments. Their strong c
ellular magnetic moment is argued to enable MTB to navigate via magnetotax
is along geomagnetic field lines to reduce their search from three dimensi
ons to one dimension to find ideal chemical niches within chemically strat
ified aquatic OAI environments. The big catch is that the sulphidic enviro
nments that underlie an OAI will cause magnetite to dissolve\, so my expec
tation for 20 years was that\, while MTB are interesting organisms\, they
should not be important in the geological record. About 10 years ago\, my
views turned on their head when we and other groups started to find eviden
ce for widespread magnetofossil preservation in ancient sediments. This ra
ises questions about the environments in which MTB lived. Do MTB always in
habit OAI environments? What is the environmental function of MTB? What is
the benefit of magnetotaxis? Are MTB involved in biogeochemical elemental
cycling? Can magnetofossil morphology tell us anything useful about the e
nvironment? Can it be used as a paleoenvironmental proxy? When did MTB app
ear in geological time? Can this tell us anything about the earliest evolu
tion of our planetary magnetic field\, which is thought to be an essential
ingredient in the evolution of life on Earth? My aim is to tell you about
some of the exciting things we have been learning about MTB in recent yea
rs.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/134/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Michael Garcia (Hawaii)
DTSTART:20210708T030000Z
DTEND:20210708T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/135
DESCRIPTION:Title: Pūhāhonu: Earth's Biggest and Hottest Shield Volcano\n
by Michael Garcia (Hawaii) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Science
s school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Schoo
l of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n \nI will elaborate on the micr
opalaeontological and geochemical information we obtained from these cores
\, in particular on (1) planktic foraminiferal faunal analyses that inform
on past oceanic conditions\, (2) recovered pollen and charcoal that permi
t reconstruction of past vegetation spectra\, rainfall and fire activity i
n the MDB\, and (3) geochemical analyses of core sediments that can inform
on the dynamics of sediment transport in the MDB and are related to atmos
pheric changes over SE Australia.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/137/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sara Moron Polanco (University of Sydney)
DTSTART:20210916T030000Z
DTEND:20210916T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/138
DESCRIPTION:Title: The ups and downs of continental-scale deltaic depocenters\nby Sara Moron Polanco (University of Sydney) as part of ANU Research S
chool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar
Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\
n \nThe Mw 7.2 Haiti earthquake i
s remarkable for a completely different reason: it was the most deadly nat
ural disaster of 2021. This earthquake occurred on a fault characterised b
y oblique strike-slip motion\, that cuts through the island of Hispaniola
in the Caribbean. While earthquakes on such faults are typically much sma
ller than major subduction zone earthquakes\, they can be far more danger
ous because that may be proximate to large population centres. This earthq
uake was significantly larger than a similar earthquake that occurred in H
aiti in 2010\, which probably caused more than 100\,000 fatalities\, ranki
ng it as the most deadly natural disaster in the 21st Century (so far). Wh
y did the 2021 earthquake kill so many people\, but sill far fewer than th
e 2010 earthquake?\n \nIn this talk I will give a brief overview of thes
e two earthquakes\, and explain why they are so significant.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/142/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:(1) Khosro Ghobadi-Far\; (2) Siyuan Tian ([1] Virginia Tech [2] AN
U Centre for Water and Landscape Dynamics)
DTSTART:20210909T000000Z
DTEND:20210909T013500Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/144
DESCRIPTION:Title: (1) New Developments in Earth System Mass Change Observation
from Space: Monitoring of Extreme Events\; (2) Reimagining our water futu
re from space\nby (1) Khosro Ghobadi-Far\; (2) Siyuan Tian ([1] Virgin
ia Tech [2] ANU Centre for Water and Landscape Dynamics) as part of ANU Re
search School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nA
bstract\n (1) New Developments in Earth System Mass Change Observ
ation from Space: Monitoring of Extreme Events \nAs m
ost of the upper mantle departs only modestly from elastic behavior\, the
mechanical properties of olivine polycrystals during the onset of viscoela
stic relaxation are of particular seismological importance but difficult t
o access experimentally because the low level of dissipation is close to t
he resolution of forced-oscillation testing. A further impediment is the o
ccurrence of the austenite-to-ferrite phase transition in the mild-steel j
acket with the potential to mask the mechanical behavior of the enclosed p
olycrystalline olivine specimen during the onset of viscoelastic relaxatio
n. Accordingly\, recent improvements in experimental methodology and alter
native stainless-steel jacket material characterized through parallel expe
riments\, have been applied in this study to a suite of newly prepared dry
\, melt-free olivine polycrystals. Synthetic Fo90 powder was fi
rst produced by the solution-gelation method\, and then hot pressed at 120
0 °C and 300 MPa within NiFe liners to yield dense fine-grained (d ~ 5 μ
m) polycrystals. Torsional oscillation tests\, whether conducted within mi
ld-steel or the alternative stainless-steel jacket\, consistently reveal t
he onset of viscoelastic relaxation in these dry and melt-free olivine pol
ycrystals as a mild dissipation peak with relaxation strength of 0.02
7 0.01 superimposed on a monotonic dissipation background. The dissipation
peak\, clearly resolved for the first time\, and associated modest relaxa
tion of the shear modulus are probably associated with elastically accommo
dated grain-boundary sliding.\n \nIn order to facilitate more robust ext
rapolation of the experimental data for fine-grained olivine to the coarse
-grained upper mantle (d ~ mm-cm)\, the grain-size sensitivity of viscoela
stic relaxation in polycrystalline olivine\, established in a previous stu
dy\, has been re-assessed by experiments with modern methodology. Accordin
gly\, specimens of larger grain sizes were hot- pressed under more oxidizi
ng and hydrous conditions within Pt-lined steel jackets at 1200-1300
oC\, followed by firing within CO/CO2 atmosphere of 1:1 p
artial pressure to restore the appropriate redox state before mechanical t
esting. The grain-size sensitivity of viscoelastic relaxation\, newly cons
trained in this study for specimens ranging in mean grain size from 4 to 2
2 μm\, is markedly stronger than previously observed - with the key Maxwe
ll relaxation time varying approximately as d 3 in accord with theoretical
models for grain-boundary sliding. Preliminary extrapolation of the new e
xperimental data to the upper-mantle conditions of pressure and grain size
\, has been performed with a Burgers creep-function model. Contrary to pre
vious indications\, the new results suggest that grain-boundary sliding in
dry melt-free olivine cannot account for dissipation QG-1
> 0.01 or more than ~3% relaxation of the shear modulus. Higher lev
els of seismologically observed dissipation and modulus relaxation will re
quire other solid-state relaxation mechanisms involving dislocations\, var
iation of oxygen/water fugacity\, and/or partial melting. Overall\, by ove
rcoming some of the experimental limitations on previous measurements of v
iscoelastic relaxation in ultramafic materials\, this study helps to estab
lish a more robust model for upper- mantle seismic wave dispersion and att
enuation.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/152/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rebecca McGirr (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220317T050000Z
DTEND:20220317T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/153
DESCRIPTION:Title: Estimating Earth's temporal gravity field from GRACE observa
tions\nby Rebecca McGirr (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School o
f Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\,
Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/153/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Evgenii Krestianinov (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220324T050000Z
DTEND:20220324T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/154
DESCRIPTION:Title: Chronology of planetesimal accretion and magmatism derived f
rom U-Pb and Rb-Sr systematics of ungrouped achondrites\nby Evgenii Kr
estianinov (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nUnderstanding how fast t
he Solar system evolved from a cloud of gas and dust to first rocks\,\npla
netesimals and planets requires high-precision chronological framework. St
udy of the\ncomposition and chronology of achondrites\, the rocks from pla
netesimals that experienced\nmelting and differentiation of various degree
s\, provides us with information about the\nformation of building blocks o
f the planets. Unusual achondrites that do not fit the established groups
expand our understanding of asteroid diversity and shed light on magmatic
processes in different domains of the early Solar System.\n \nBiography: \nAlan Jay Kaufman is a Geobiologist at the University of Maryland who s
tudies the co-evolution of life and environment. Through field and labora
tory studies of the stratigraphy\, paleontology\, and geochemistry of sedi
mentary rocks that accumulated across the most significant transitions in
early Earth history\, Kaufman's integrated research has shed light on:\n\n
The Great Oxidation Event (when atmospheric oxygen rose dramatically some
2.3 billion years ago) and its biological consequences\;\nThe extremes of
climatic and environmental change associated with episodic Snowball Earth
ice ages at both ends of the Proterozoic Eon\;\nThe Ediacaran Period evolu
tion of macroscopic life in the aftermath of the greatest recorded perturb
ation of the carbon cycle\;\nAnd the Cambrian Explosion of Animals. \nKauf
man's research has carried him to far away places with strange sounding na
mes\, including Namibia\, Siberia\, Oman\, and Australia where his Fulbrig
ht Global Scholar award will support his discovery of the earliest sea she
lls and their first appearance in the immediate aftermath of dramatic envi
ronmental changes in the world oceans over 570 million years ago.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/159/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Yankun Di (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220519T060000Z
DTEND:20220519T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/160
DESCRIPTION:Title: Initial strontium isotopic composition of the Solar system\nby Yankun Di (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scie
nces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nAlmost all planeta
ry objects in the Solar System\, including our Earth\, exhibit systematic
depletions of moderately volatile elements (MVEs) compared to the bulk che
mical composition of the Solar System (represented by CI chondrites). Howe
ver\, the mechanisms and processes responsible for the planetary volatile
depletion remain poorly understood. The MVE-depleted signatures may have b
een established in the interstellar medium or the molecular cloud parental
to the Solar System and were inherited by planetary objects\, or formed i
n any stage during the formation and evolution of a planetary body: incomp
lete condensation\, re-evaporation of condensed materials\, mixing of vola
tile-poor and volatile-rich components\, accretion and collision\, and deg
assing of magma ocean. As such\, the time of MVE depletion is a critical p
arameter for constraining the mechanism of MVE depletion. The 87Rb-87Sr radioactive system is suitable for estimating the time
of volatile depletion owing to the large volatility contrast between Rb a
nd Sr. To apply this chronometer to differentiated planetary bodies\, a we
ll-constrained Solar System initial 87Sr/86Sr value is required\, which ma
y be best represented by the initial 87Sr/86Sr of ca
lcium-aluminium-rich inclusions (CAIs) from CV chondrites. However\, previ
ous attempts to determine the initial 87Sr/86Sr in C
AIs did not yield a consistent conclusion. In this study\, we (1) identify
and evaluate the factors that potentially limit the progress towards a co
nsistent Solar System initial 87Sr/86Sr\; (2) study
the 87Rb-86Sr\, and several other isotopic systems o
f a large collection of diverse CAIs\; and (3) attempt to estimate a relia
ble Solar System initial 87Sr/86Sr value. Based on a
detailed discussion of possible sources of systematic sources during 87Sr/86Sr measurements and calibrations against multiple
standards\, we eliminate the inter-laboratory biases between this and pre
vious studies. By analysing the stable Sr isotopic composition (δ88<
/sup>Sr) and developing a fractionation-considered chronology model\, we c
onfirm that the natural isotopic fractionations of Sr during CAI formation
have negligible effects on the 87Sr/86Sr of low-Rb/
Sr CAIs. The correlations of non-radiogenic Sr-Nd isotopic compositions su
ggest that the nucleosynthetic Sr and Nd isotopic anomalies in CAIs are do
minated by the s-process and p-process\, and they have negligible effects
on 87Sr/86Sr. Finally\, most CAIs studied here and p
reviously are consistent with a ‘representative’ Solar System initial
87Sr/86Sr of 0.698976 ± 0.000011. Some CAIs exhibit
clear heterogeneity in the initial 87Sr/86Sr\, whic
h may originate from the nucleosynthetic effect or the chemical fractionat
ion in the interstellar medium.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/160/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Thomas Duverney (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220721T060000Z
DTEND:20220721T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/161
DESCRIPTION:Title: Unravelling the Dynamical Mechanisms Underpinning Intra-Plat
e Volcanism Within and Around Earth's Continents\nby Thomas Duverney (
RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school semina
r\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scie
nces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nSeveral of Earth's intra-plate volca
nic provinces lie on or adjacent to continental lithosphere\, where the co
mplex structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary favours the occu
rrence of shallow dynamical instabilities that could sustain decompression
melting. However\, many of these provinces are believed to mark the surfa
ce expression of mantle plumes. Our limited understanding of how buoyant p
lumes interact with heterogeneous continental lithosphere and shorter scal
es of convection prevents further progress in identifying mechanisms at th
e root of continental volcanism. In this project\, using a suite of geodyn
amical models\, we quantify the magmatic potential of shallow\, edge-drive
n flows and discuss their applicability to the generation of several intra
-plate volcanic provinces. We then examine their interaction with upwellin
g mantle plumes and provide new insight into how these dynamical processes
interact with heterogeneous continental lithosphere. Additionally\, we de
velop a new framework for calculating incompatible-element concentrations
as part of the melting process\, for which we update the parameterisation
of Katz et al. (2003). Finally\, we build on the knowledge gained and show
case preliminary results into the mechanisms underpinning the generation o
f eastern Australia's Cenozoic volcanism.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/161/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Frey Richards (Imperial College)
DTSTART:20221207T050000Z
DTEND:20221207T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/162
DESCRIPTION:by Frey Richards (Imperial College) as part of ANU Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar
Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TB
A\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/162/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sarah McIntyre (RSAA\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220616T060000Z
DTEND:20220616T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/164
DESCRIPTION:Title: A Multi-Parameter Approach to Planetary Habitability (M-PAtH
)\nby Sarah McIntyre (RSAA\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nWe are sta
nding on the cusp of a major discovery in planetary sciences. For the firs
t time in human history\, upcoming surveys and telescopes will be able to
remotely detect potential biosignatures in exo-Earth atmospheres and disco
ver signs of life beyond our Solar System. In order to make the most of th
e limited observational resources available\, target selection has focused
on ‘habitable worlds’ defined as rocky bodies (with enough surface gr
avity to sustain an atmosphere) orbiting their host stars at a distance wh
ere stellar radiation is suitable for the presence of surface liquid water
. With the ever-increasing number of exoplanets being detected\, we might
end up with hundreds of planets that suit these criteria and are according
ly all equally likely to host life. Therefore\, we must rethink our classi
fication of what makes a planet habitable. Continuing to expand to a multi
-parameter approach to habitability (M-PAtH) by including factors such as
magnetic field\, plate tectonics\, albedo\, stellar type\, orbit character
istics\, tidal locking\, and surface pressure\, will enable us to prioriti
se planets that are most likely to maintain liquid water. By analysing\, m
odelling\, and constraining how these factors interact on any given planet
ary body\, we can generate a flexible framework for prioritisation involvi
ng multiple observable characteristics that influence continuous planetary
habitability. Spoiler alert: No aliens.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/164/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Navdeep Dhami (Curtin)
DTSTART:20220804T060000Z
DTEND:20220804T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/165
DESCRIPTION:Title: Biomineralization: From Nature to Engineering\nby Navdee
p Dhami (Curtin) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school s
eminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth
Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nCurrent construction and mining
sector are facing the biggest challenge of sustainability due to huge emi
ssions of greenhouse gases\, durability\, costs and quality. While Nature
has been building sustainably and durably with frugal resources as seen in
living structures including stromatolites\, beach rocks\, cave speleothem
s etc. Microbial metabolic activities have been found to play a crucial ro
le in the formation and dissolution of a range of minerals in these natura
l formations\, especially limestone and dolomite which comprises an import
ant carbon reservoir in earth’s crust. Biomimicry of natural cementation
and biomineralisation processes has now been utilised for several areas o
f environmental applications as metal remediation\, soil reinforcement\, C
O2 sequestration\, in-situ barriers\, cultural heritage restoration\, self
-healing constructions and green mining\; offering a pathway towards low e
nergy construction and mining. This talk will focus on the fundamental pri
nciples of microbial-mineral interactions\, biomineralization\, role of mi
crobial metabolic activities in precipitation and dissolution of minerals\
, scope of bio-based technologies\, current status of research\, commercia
lization and challenges ahead.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/165/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ziyi Zhu (RSES)
DTSTART:20220630T060000Z
DTEND:20220630T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/166
DESCRIPTION:Title: Unravelling the evolution of continents using detrital zirco
ns from modern rivers\nby Ziyi Zhu (RSES) as part of ANU Research Scho
ol of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Ro
om\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\
n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/166/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Callum Shakespeare (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220728T060000Z
DTEND:20220728T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/167
DESCRIPTION:Title: Longwave radiation and surface temperature: a climatic chick
en and egg conundrum\nby Callum Shakespeare (RSES\, ANU) as part of AN
U Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeg
er 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\
n\nAbstract\nIncreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) manifest at the
Earth’s surface as an increase in the downwelling longwave radiation (D
LR) from the sky above. Climate models predict large increases in DLR unde
r even moderate emissions scenarios. It is often argued that this enhanced
heat flux from the atmosphere drives an increase in land and ocean surfac
e temperatures... but does it? Climate models do not determine how much o
f the DLR increase is a direct forcing due to the increased CO2\, versus h
ow much is a response (or feedback) to surface temperature changes. This d
istinction is important to consider when using coupled climate model outpu
t (e.g.\, reanalyses) to drive other physical models such as for the ice s
heets\, ocean and land surface\, where the surface temperatures may diverg
e from those represented in the climate model. I will describe a novel the
oretical framework for predicting DLR and thereby disentangling longwave f
orcing and feedbacks in climate models. The analysis shows that over 90% o
f the modelled change in DLR is a feedback to surface temperature changes.
In other words\, surface temperature drives changes to DLR and not the ot
her way around. Therefore\, significant caution is called for in interpret
ing the results of studies that treat the DLR as a forcing independent of
the surface temperature (e.g.\, those imposing DLR from climate model outp
ut). I consider how the forcing of such models could be improved to correc
tly capture the DLR-temperature feedback.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/167/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Victor Piedrahita Velez (RSES)
DTSTART:20220628T060000Z
DTEND:20220628T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/168
DESCRIPTION:Title: What can Paleocene-Eocene climates tell us?\nby Victor P
iedrahita Velez (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences sc
hool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of
Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe representative concen
tration pathway 8.5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC
) is the most extreme projection of a catastrophic climate state in the ne
xt century with a >5˚C temperature increase\, massive carbon emissions\,
and climatic conditions similar to those of the late Paleocene-early Eocen
e (~58-52 Ma). In this ancient hothouse world\, a series of light carbon i
njections produced major global warming/ocean acidification events. These
events include hyperthermals such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
(PETM\, ~56 Ma)\, Eocene Thermal Maximum (ETM) 2 (~54 Ma) and ETM 3 (~53 M
a)\, and smaller carbon cycle perturbations. I present new cyclostratigrap
hic analyses that allow clarification of two major research questions on P
aleocene-Eocene climates. First\, I present new data to clarify the origin
s of the largest Paleocene-Eocene carbon cycle perturbation\, the PETM. Ea
rly Eocene carbon cycle perturbations have been interpreted as orbitally f
orced events\; however\, the influence of orbital controls on PETM trigger
ing remains controversial. New datasets presented here indicate that the P
ETM was at least partially triggered by an orbitally controlled mechanism\
, which contrasts with previous studies that restrict PETM triggering to v
olcanic activity. Second\, I present new probabilistic assessments to refi
ne poorly studied carbon sequestration timescales following Paleocene-Eoce
ne light carbon injections. New age constraints reveal that carbon removal
following Paleocene-Eocene light carbon injections was accelerated in pro
portion to the size of the initial perturbation. Chemical weathering and t
emperature controls on oxygen levels optimized export production and the b
iological pump\, which promoted enhanced carbon removal following Paleocen
e-Eocene light carbon injections. Paleocene-Eocene carbon cycle perturbati
ons had similar light carbon sequestration timescales\, which contrast wit
h the widely held view that longer carbon removal periods are needed to re
move larger light carbon injections from the ocean-atmosphere system.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/168/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jemima Rama (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20221020T050000Z
DTEND:20221020T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/170
DESCRIPTION:Title: PhD exit seminar\nby Jemima Rama (RSES\, ANU) as part of
ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in J
aeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campu
s.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/170/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jordan Kinsley (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220719T060000Z
DTEND:20220719T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/172
DESCRIPTION:Title: Bridging the (redox) gap: reconciling biomarker and inorgani
c proxy records in the Middle Cambrian Currant Bush Formation\nby Jord
an Kinsley (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences s
chool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School o
f Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nRedox conditions have ex
erted a powerful control upon organic matter (OM) preservation throughout
time by determining OM remineralisation rates across different environment
s. Despite this\, the effects of oxidation upon ancient OM are comparative
ly poorly understood at a molecular level\, and redox proxy data derived f
rom molecular fossils (biomarkers) is limited. To further investigate redo
x effects upon biomarkers\, I undertook high-resolution multiproxy analysi
s of the Middle Cambrian Currant Bush Formation (CBF)\, a unit of cyclical
ly mixed outer ramp carbonates\, siltstones\, and black shales\, indicativ
e of environmental redox variability\, and which preserves biomarkers thro
ughout. This work combined biomarker data with elemental abundances\, iron
speciation\, organic carbon and bulk nitrogen isotopic compositions\, min
eralogy\, sedimentology\, and palaeontology to elucidate this ancient envi
ronment as clearly as possible. In this talk\, I will first present result
s that refine our understanding of the CBF environment\, identifying sulph
ate limitation upon euxinia (anoxic sulphidic redox conditions). In additi
on to this\, my results identify the occurrence of regular episodic (seaso
nal or decadal) oxic intervals in benthic waters throughout the formation\
, with oxygen incursion driven by turbidity currents formed during storm e
vents. Beyond this\, I will discuss the causes of sedimentary cyclicity in
the CBF and examine parallel cycling of benthic redox conditions. This wo
rk identifies novel and systematic correlations between classical redox pa
rameters and a suite of biomarker ratios\, evidencing an overarching contr
ol of redox conditions and oxidation upon molecular distributions in the C
BF.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/172/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rexha Ry (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220726T060000Z
DTEND:20220726T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/173
DESCRIPTION:Title: Jakarta\, sedimentary basin\, and geohazards: what we know t
hrough seismic imaging\nby Rexha Ry (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Resear
ch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Sem
inar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstr
act\nThe city of Jakarta\, Indonesia’s capital and one of the world’s
megacities\, is inhabited by more than 10 million residents. Jakarta’s h
igh population density of more than 14000 people per square km makes the c
ity a hotspot of seismic risk. Situated on the northern coast of Java Isla
nd\, Jakarta and its metropolitan area (Greater Jakarta) are subject to si
gnificant earthquake hazards from a subduction zone south of Java and acti
ve crustal faults in the west\, such as the Baribis Fault (aka the West Ja
va Back-arc Thrust).\nThe seismic risk may be even higher because Jakarta
resides on a sedimentary basin filled with geologically young sediments. B
orehole study shows that Pleistocene-Pliocene sediments of the Jakarta bas
in gradually thicken from the southern outer part at around 50 m to centra
l Jakarta with a thickness of more than 350 m. Knowledge of this thick acc
umulation of young sedimentary basin fill is essential for understanding t
he potential for amplification and resonance of earthquake-generated seism
ic waves\, as poorly consolidated sediments and basin geometry can behave
to amplify and prolong the ground shaking duration.\nA comprehensive study
of Jakarta Basin’s properties and geometry is vital for creating robust
seismic hazard and risk assessments. To our knowledge\, the current asses
sments are underestimated since they counted for neither basin’s geometr
y nor the western Baribis Fault. This study aims to develop a 3D model of
the Jakarta basin’s shallow shear-wave velocity (Vs) structure and impro
ve on previous models that failed to resolve the basin edge. First\, we ad
ded more seismic observations covering Greater Jakarta. Then\, we analyzed
these using ambient noise tomography and microtremor H/V in a Bayesian fr
amework. Our results reveal the basin extension\, including the Pleistocen
e-Pliocene sediments. Also\, we resolve a basement offset across South Jak
arta that may be related to the western extension of the Baribis Fault.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/173/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Yongze Song (Curtin)
DTSTART:20220818T060000Z
DTEND:20220818T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/174
DESCRIPTION:Title: What Makes Geospatial Decisions Different?\nby Yongze So
ng (Curtin) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school semina
r\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scie
nces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nRegional inequality critically affec
ts the effectiveness of practical development strategies and actions. Geos
patial decision-making essentially benefits more reasonable\, regional\, a
nd local resource allocations. Currently\, decisions can be made by experi
enced experts\, data and models. However\, even decisions made by differen
t models are still inconsistent. We treated models as “experts” in dec
ision-making and developed a new approach to integrating decisions made by
more than ten statistical\, machine learning\, and geospatial methods mod
els. The approach is applied in understanding different sensor monitoring
indicators of transport infrastructure performance. As a result\, we accur
ately quantified the relative effectiveness of different sensor indicators
in assessing infrastructure performance. We developed an integrated and m
ore effective indicator to combine information from multiple sensor indica
tors. We also developed other approaches and tools for more accurate facto
rs exploration\, spatial prediction\, and more effective geospatial decisi
on-making.\n
\n
\
n\nWith the inevitability of continued and rapid global warming now beyond
reasonable doubt\, the question arises of its likely future impact on eco
systems\, particularly marine ecosystems. The geological record contains a
bundant evidence of the appearance and disappearance of marine animals thr
ough time. It is highly likely that climate change has been one major fact
or\, but demonstrating the fact is not straightforward. It has long been r
ecognized that one of the most direct recorders of global temperature is t
he temperature of the oceans\, and considerable effort has gone into attem
pts to measure changes in that temperature in the geological past. One met
hod used very successfully is measuring the oxygen isotopic composition of
carbonate marine fossils\, exploiting the fact that the difference in oxy
gen composition between calcium carbonate and the water from which it was
precipitated is temperature sensitive. The method works well for relativel
y young rocks\, but becomes less reliable in older rocks because of the su
sceptibility of carbonate to chemical alteration. A more stable alternativ
e is calcium phosphate (apatite)\, but phosphatic fossils are rare. The fo
ssil of choice is conodonts. Conodonts are the carbonate fluorapatite mout
hparts of extinct marine protochordates that are found mainly in marine li
mestones of Cambrian to late Triassic age\, a period of nearly 350 Ma. Ana
lysing the oxygen isotopes in conodonts by conventional gas source mass sp
ectrometry is difficult—the chemical processing is complex and several m
illigrams of the rare\, tiny fossils are required for a single analysis. A
nalysing conodonts by ion microprobe also has its challenges\, but has gre
at advantages—it requires no chemical preparation and very little sample
\, and is fast and relatively non-destructive. RSES has led the way in dev
eloping this technique\, with some interesting results.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/136/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Patrick De Deckker (RSES)
DTSTART:20210930T030000Z
DTEND:20210930T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/137
DESCRIPTION:Title: Environmental changes in the Murray Darling Basin over 125 k
years -Deciphered from deep-sea cores taken offshore Kangaroo Island and c
omparison mostly with marine proxies\nby Patrick De Deckker (RSES) as
part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture he
ld in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acto
n campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\n\nThis year sees the culmination of some 20 yea
rs of investigations of two deep-sea cores taken by ANU offshore Kangaroo
Island in South Australia\, opposite the current mouth of the River Murray
. These cores provide remarkable\, high-resolution data that rely on marin
e and non-marine proxies\, and\, as a consequence\, it has now been possib
le to compare past events both on land and at sea spaning the last glacial
-interglacial cycle\, viz 125\,000 years. The cores provide information on
changes that principally occurred in the Murray Darling Basin [MDB] via s
ediments and pollen transported at sea.\n
\n\n\nThe nature and contr
ibution of flexural isostatic compensation to subsidence and uplift of pas
sive margin deltas remains poorly understood. We performed a series of sim
ulations to investigate flexural isostatic responses to high frequency flu
ctuations in water and sediment load associated with climatically-driven s
ea-level changes. We use a parallel basin and landscape dynamics model\, B
ADLANDS\, (an acronym for BAsin anD LANdscape DynamicS) that combines eros
ion\, sedimentation\, and diffusion with flexure\, where the isostatic com
pensation of the load is computed by flexural compensation. We model a lar
ge drainage basin that discharges to a continental margin to generate a de
ltaic depocenter\, then prescribe synthetic and climatic-driven sea-level
curves of different frequencies to assess flexural response. Results show
that flexural isostatic adjustments are bidirectional over 100-1000 kyr ti
me-scales and mirror the magnitude\, frequency\, and direction of sea-leve
l fluctuations\, and that isostatic adjustments play an important role in
driving along-strike and cross-shelf river-mouth migration and sediment ac
cumulation. Our findings demonstrate that climate-forced sea-level changes
set up a feedback mechanism that results in self-sustaining creation of a
ccommodation into which sediment is deposited and plays a major role in de
lta morphology and stratigraphic architecture.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/138/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Melanie Finch (Monash University)
DTSTART:20211021T020000Z
DTEND:20211021T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/140
DESCRIPTION:Title: Enigmatic structures in ductile shear zones\nby Melanie
Finch (Monash University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences
school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School
of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nDuctile shear zones ac
commodate major tectonic forces\, from the uplift of mountain ranges to th
e subduction of oceans. We understand much about how they form and localis
e strain\, but some relatively common features have remained enigmatic. Su
ch features include hybrid microstructures that form due to overprinting s
hear structures (e.g.\, dextral shear overprinting sinistral) and C' and C
'' shear bands. This work seeks to understand the evolution of these struc
tures using numerical modelling\, combined with observations of naturally
deformed rocks.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/140/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Yen Joe Tan (The Chinese University of Hong Kong)
DTSTART:20211028T020000Z
DTEND:20211028T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/141
DESCRIPTION:Title: The 2016 central Italy earthquake sequence\nby Yen Joe T
an (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) as part of ANU Research School of
Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\,
Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nIn 2016
\, multiple Mw 5-6.5 earthquakes occurred on an 80-km-long normal-fault sy
stem in central Italy. I will present results from analysing one year of c
ontinuous data from a network of 140 seismic stations within 80 km of the
epicentral region. I will first discuss the workflow we adopted to build a
high-precision catalogue of ∼900\,000 earthquakes\, an order of magnitu
de more events than the catalogue routinely produced by the local earthqua
ke monitoring agency\, based on arrival times derived using a deep-neural-
network-based picker. I will then discuss what the enhanced catalogue reve
aled regarding the complex fault structures in this region and how they we
re activated\, as well as the processes underlying the largest events' ini
tiation.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/141/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Phil Cummins (RSES)
DTSTART:20210826T030000Z
DTEND:20210826T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/142
DESCRIPTION:Title: Earthquake Double-trouble in August 2021\nby Phil Cummin
s (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n
\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Science
s\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nDuring August 2021\, the world experien
ced two remarkable earthquakes: the Mw 8.1 earthquake in the South Sandwic
h Islands on 12 August\, and the Mw 7.2 earthquake in Haiti on 14 August i
n Haiti. These earthquakes were both exceptional\, but for very different
reasons.\nThe Mw 8.1 South Sandwich Islands earthquake was the largest to
have occurred in this subduction zone since a Mw 8.1 event in 1929. While
we often say that the largest earthquakes occur in subduction zones\, thi
s almost always refers to events in ocean-continent or island arc subducti
on zones\, like Cascadia\, NE and SW Japan\, Indonesia’s Sunda Arc\, the
Kurils or Aleutians. Even for these subduction zones\, we’ve sometimes
been wrong about just how big earthquakes can be. But what about oceanic s
ubduction zones\, like the Mariana\, the Tonga-Kermadec\, or South Sandwic
h\, how big can earthquakes in these subduction zones be? We really don’
t know\, even though the answer has important implications for tsunami haz
ard worldwide. Perhaps the 2021 South Sandwich earthquake can help answer
this question? Then again maybe not…\n
\n\nEarth system m
ass change offers a unique perspective into Earth dynamics. By measuring t
emporal variation of the Earth gravity field\, GRACE (2002-2017) and GRACE
Follow-On (GRACE-FO\; 2018- ) satellites have been providing estimates of
the mass change caused by various natural (e.g.\, terrestrial water stora
ge surplus in Australia due to the 2010-2012 La Niña) and anthropogenic (
e.g.\, groundwater depletion in California) processes\, as well as climate
change (e.g.\, diminishing ice-sheets/glaciers and rising see level). The
standard data products of GRACE/GRACE-FO are the global “monthly-mean s
napshots” of surface mass change estimated from one month of inter- sate
llite tracking data. The monthly sampling limits the GRACE applications to
slowly-varying processes with seasonal to interannual variability. Howeve
r\, there is substantial high-frequency (sub-monthly) mass variability in
the Earth system caused by extreme\, rapidly-changing processes such as ts
unamis\, floods\, and cyclones that cannot be studied using the standard m
onthly data from the GRACE/GRACE-FO project.\n\nIn this seminar\, I will p
resent a novel approach based on direct along-orbit analysis of inter- sat
ellite tracking data that pushes the limit of GRACE/GRACE-FO and opens the
way for examining mass variability at significantly shorter timescales li
ke hours or days. I will present three examples of such high-frequency\, t
ransient processes: (1) GRACE gravitational observations of large tsunamis
(e.g.\, 2004 Sumatra)\, (2) GRACE-FO monitoring of the Bangladesh flood d
uring 2020 monsoon season\, and (3) GRACE-FO observations of high-frequenc
y ocean variability in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The along-orbit gravitatio
nal observations in these cases could be used\, respectively\, for (1) dis
tinguishing among tsunami models with different earthquake sources\, (2) p
roviding constraints on runoff routing models as well as tracking the temp
oral evolution of flood volume during the monsoon season\, and (3) validat
ing (high-frequency) ocean models.\n\nI plan to introduce a new along-orbi
t gravimetric data product for the GRACE and GRACE-FO missions\, and relea
se it to the geoscience and hydrology community. This data product will op
en new opportunities in Earth system mass change monitoring\, and also has
the potential to become more relevant in the future with climate change l
ikely worsening the frequency and intensity of some extreme events like fl
oods.\n\n\n\n(2) Reimagining our water future from space
\
nTo support future-oriented decision makings in water and agricultural sec
tors\, access to accurate and up-to-date information on the current state
of the global water system is critical. In water- limited ecosystems\, soi
l moisture provides the main connection between climate and vegetation dyn
amics in space and time. The spatial pattern of soil moisture can vary sig
nificantly due to the heterogeneous spatial distribution of rainfall and v
ariability in soil properties\, land cover type and topography. Due to thi
s large spatial variability\, the utility of ground-based\, point-scale me
asurements is limited. Soil moisture estimates from land surface models ar
e adversely affected by the uncertainties of atmospheric forcing\, model d
ynamics and model parameterization. Remotely sensed data can provide spati
ally and temporally varying constraints on the modelling of biophysical la
ndscape variables that are often superior to that achieved by a single sta
tic set of model parameters. Data assimilation merges models and observati
ons in a way that take advantage of their respective strengths (e.g.\, unc
ertainty\, coverage)\, resulting in improved accuracy\, coverage\, and ult
imately forecasting capability. The development of the space-based\, hyper
resolution soil moisture products would enhance timely decision making an
d forward planning by farmers\, fire agencies and other land and water man
agers.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/144/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Matthew Steele-MacInnis (University of Alberta)
DTSTART:20211125T020000Z
DTEND:20211125T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/146
DESCRIPTION:Title: The iron-oxide problem\, and the carbonate-sulfate solution<
/a>\nby Matthew Steele-MacInnis (University of Alberta) as part of ANU Res
earch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAb
stract\nThe origins of Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposits are c
ontentious\, with contradictory models ranging from purely hydrothermal to
magmatic\, because direct observations of the ore-forming fluids have bee
n lacking. In this presentation\, I will summarize my group's recent resul
ts of analyses of ore-forming fluids from IOA deposits around the world\,
in the form of fluid inclusions hosted in ore-stage minerals. Our results
reveal a number of surprises\, and paint a very different picture of the f
ormation of IOA deposits\, involving iron-rich salt melts dominated by cal
cium sulfate and carbonate. I will therefore argue that models for IOA dep
osits need to be overhauled\, with significant implications for both how t
hese deposits form\, and how to explore for them.\n\n\n
\n\nThe key to
answering many compelling and complex questions in Earth\, planetary\, and
life science lies in breaking down the barriers between scientific fields
and harnessing the integrated\, multi-disciplinary power of their respect
ive data resources. We have a unique opportunity to integrate large and ra
pidly expanding data resources\, to enlist powerful analytical and visuali
zation methods\, and to answer multi-disciplinary questions that cannot be
addressed by one field alone. \nRecent years have seen a dramatic increas
e in the volume of mineralogical and geochemical data available for study.
These large and expanding data resources have created an opportunity to c
haracterize changes in near-surface mineralogy through deep time and to re
late these findings to the geologic and biologic evolution of our planet o
ver the past 4.5 billion years [1-2]. Using databases such as the RRUFF Pr
oject\, the Mineral Evolution Database (MED)\, mindat\, and EarthChem\, we
explore the spatial and temporal distribution of minerals on Earth’s su
rface while considering the multidimensional relationships between composi
tion\, oxidation state\, structural complexity [3]\, and paragenetic mode
[4]. \nThese studies\, driven by advanced analytical and visualization tec
hniques such as mineral ecology [5-6]\, network analysis [7]\, and affinit
y analysis\, allow us to begin tackling big questions in Earth\, planetary
\, and biosciences. These questions relate to understanding the relationsh
ips of mineral formation and preservation with large-scale geologic proces
ses\, such as Wilson cycles\, the oxidation of Earth’s atmosphere\, and
changes in ocean chemistry. We can also investigate the abundance and like
ly species of as-yet undiscovered mineral\, as well as estimate the probab
ility of finding a mineral or mineral assemblage at any locality on Earth
or another planetary body [5\,6\,8]. Given the spatial and temporal distri
bution of minerals on Earth\, which was heavily influenced by life\, we ca
n explore the possibility that Earth’s mineral diversity and distributio
n is a biosignature that can be used for future planetary evaluation and e
xploration [8-9]. Likewise\, we are exploring the origins of all mineral s
pecies through the development of the Evolutionary System of Mineralogy
– a system that will provide a framework for predicting the formational
conditions of mineral species of unknown origin [10-15]. These geologic re
sources also facilitate integration across disciplines and allow us to exp
lore ideas that one field alone cannot fully characterize\, such as how th
e geochemical makeup of our planet affected the emergence and evolution of
life\, and\, likewise\, how life influenced chemical composition and geol
ogical processes throughout Earth history. \n\n[1] Hazen et al. (2008) Am.
Mineral. 93\, 1693-1720\n[2] Liu et al. (2017) Nat. Comm.\, 8:1950\n[3] K
rivovichev et al. (2013) Min. Mag. 77(3)\, 275-326. \n[4] Hazen & Morrison
(2021) On the paragenetic modes of minerals\, Am. Min. (In Review)\n[5] H
azen et al. (2015) Can. Min. 53(2):295-324\n[6] Hystad et al. (2018) Bayes
ian estimation of Earth’s undiscovered mineralogical diversity\, Mathema
tical Geosciences\, 51\, 401-417\n[7] Morrison et al. (2017) Am. Min.\, 10
2\, 1588-1596. \n[8] Morrison et al. (2020) Exploring carbon mineral syste
ms: Recent advances in C mineral evolution\, mineral ecology\, and network
analysis\, Frontiers\, 8\, 208 [9] Hazen & Ausubel\, (2016) Am. Min.\, 10
1(6)\, 1245-1251\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/148/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chuan-Chou Shen (National Taiwan University)
DTSTART:20211104T020000Z
DTEND:20211104T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/149
DESCRIPTION:Title: Stalagmite-inferred East Asian summer monsoon dynamics and a
centennial earth magnetic reversal event at 98 ka\nby Chuan-Chou Shen
(National Taiwan University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scie
nces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n\n\nIn this talk\, I will briefly review the studies using stal
agmite to infer East Asian summer monsoon dynamics on orbital and sub-orbi
tal scales. Related research progress and debates will be discussed. In th
e past decade\, our team also used stalagmites to reconstruct paleomagneti
c records. I will introduce our recent work to reveal rapid geomagnetic os
cillations during 107-91 ka and an abrupt centennial reversal transition a
t 98 ka.\n\n
\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/149/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ping Zhang (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220224T050000Z
DTEND:20220224T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/150
DESCRIPTION:Title: Understanding the Banda Arc-Continent Collision through 3-D
Seismic Imaging\nby Ping Zhang (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar
Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
The Banda arc-continent collision currently taking place in Southeast Asia
is a result of convergence of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian
plate. From west to east along the Sunda-Banda arc\, the subducting Indo-
Australian plate changes from the Cretaceous to Jurassic age Indian Ocean
lithosphere and finally to the lithosphere of Australian continental margi
n as the plate collides with the volcanic arc. This young collision effect
ively captures the cessation of island arc volcanism and the initiation of
mountain building as the plate boundary evolves from subduction to arc-co
ntinent collision. Detailed knowledge of seismic structure is critical to
understanding how this tectonic transition evolves\, yet it remains unclea
r due to the previous lack of dense data coverage. A new seismic experimen
t composed of 30 broadband seismometers was carried out across the archipe
lago of Eastern Indonesia (NTT) and Timor-Leste\, recording ~5-year wavefo
rms from March 2014 to August 2019. Utilizing both continuous ambient nois
e data and distant earthquake data from this experiment\, I successfully m
apped a detailed 3-D shear wave velocity model in the crust and uppermost
mantle (0-50 km)\, Moho structure\, and tectonic fabrics through four diff
erent imaging methods. In this talk\, I will present the imaging results o
f (1) the subducted Australian continental margin at lithospheric depths\,
(2) the structural heterogeneities reflecting the different collisional s
tages along strike and inherited from the incoming plate\, and (3) the tec
tonic fabrics resulting from the complex crustal deformation during the co
llision.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/150/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jörg Hermann (University of Bern)
DTSTART:20220303T050000Z
DTEND:20220303T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/151
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Earth’s deep water cycle and crust formation\nby J
örg Hermann (University of Bern) as part of ANU Research School of Earth
Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Researc
h School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n
\n\nNew continental crust is formed above subduction zone\, whe
re the dehydration of the subducted slab triggers wet melting in the hot p
art of the mantle wedge. In this talk\, I will present the major dehydrati
on reactions in subducted serpentinites and how they influence some key pr
operties of the slab-mantle system\, with particular attention to the tran
sition from chlorite- to garnet-peridotite. Mass transfer in the subducted
slab depends on slab temperature and the amounts of fluids released from
ultramafic rocks. Dehydration of chlorite on top of the slab and antigorit
e in the interior of the slab are the most prominent fluid-producing react
ions at sub-arc depth. Therefore\, the initial hydration of the incoming o
ceanic lithosphere is playing a major role on crust production rates provi
ding an important link between the deep water cycle and crust formation.\n
\n
\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/151/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tongzhang Qu (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220310T050000Z
DTEND:20220310T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/152
DESCRIPTION:Title: Viscoelastic relaxation in polycrystalline olivine: its onse
t\, grain-size sensitivity\, and seismological implications\nby Tongzh
ang Qu (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences schoo
l seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Ea
rth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nTorsional forced-oscillation
testing has previously been undertaken to probe the high-\ntemperature vi
scoelastic relaxation in polycrystalline olivine and its sensitivities to
variation of grain size (d)\, partial melting\, prior deformation\, and th
e fugacities of water and oxygen. Such measurements have involved simultan
eous measurement of shear modulus (G) and strain-energy dissipation (QG-1) at seismic periods (1 – 1000 s) and low strain am
plitudes < 10-5\, under conditions of high temperature (≤ 130
0 °C) and pressure (200 MPa) with experimental methodology that has been
progressively refined over many years. Because viscoelastic relaxation ref
lects the presence of crystal defects and prevailing physico-chemical cond
itions\, such laboratory studies are critical to interpretation of seismic
wave dispersion and attenuation in the Earth’s upper mantle.\n
\nIn th
is talk\, I present the results of the high-precision Pb-Pb chronology of
three ungrouped\nmeteorites and one eucrite\, and Rb-Sr systematics of eig
ht ungrouped achondrites. Pb-Pb\nisotopic dating provides “absolute” c
rystallization ages while the initial 87Sr/86Sr rati
os are used\nto estimate the time when the asteroid material separated fro
m the volatile-rich nebula. The\nstudy of ungrouped achondrite Erg Chech 0
02 with andesitic composition that is found to be\nthe oldest known igneou
s rock in our solar system\, shows that its parent asteroid already\naccre
ted and experienced melting\, differentiation and crystallisation of the c
rust by ~4565.6\nMa ago\, or ~1.5 Ma after Ca-Al-rich inclusions\, the old
est known solids. The parent asteroid\nof Erg Chech 002 formed contemporan
eously with chondrules in ordinary chondrites\, and\nearlier than the main
period of formation of chondrules in carbonaceous chondrites. Initial Sr\
nchronology correlates in most cases with Pb-Pb crystallization age\, and
overlapped within\nuncertainties\, indicating a rapid transition from a se
paration of precursor material to accretion\, melting\, differentiation an
d crystallization of planetesimals.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/154/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Elisabeth Scibiorski (Monash University)
DTSTART:20220407T060000Z
DTEND:20220407T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/155
DESCRIPTION:Title: Titanite as a petrogenetic indicator: Tools and applications
\nby Elisabeth Scibiorski (Monash University) as part of ANU Research
School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Semina
r Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract
\nThe trace element composition of titanite reflects the temperature\, pre
ssure and bulk-rock composition from which it crystallized. In this talk\,
I will discuss the use of titanite as a petrogenetic indicator\, and its
application to petrochronology and detrital provenance analysis. Several g
eochemical discriminators are identified by applying compositional statist
ics and a machine learning classifier (a support vector matrix) to a globa
l compilation of titanite trace element data. The compilation comprises mo
re than 7\,400 analyses of igneous and metamorphic titanite from a wide ra
nge of bulk-rock compositions. First\, igneous and metamorphic titanite ar
e differentiated on the basis of Al/Fe and ΣLREE content. Variation in Th
/U aids differentiation in composite settings\, such as igneous rocks over
printed by metamorphism. Second\, titanite from felsic host rocks is disti
nguished by low Zr/Y and high Fe content. For titanite from igneous rocks\
, this effectively discriminates titanite from mafic and felsic rocks. Fin
ally\, titanite from garnet-bearing mineral assemblages is more HREE-deple
ted than titanite from garnet-free assemblages. These geochemical discrimi
nators are applied to three case studies\, which demonstrate that combined
titanite trace-element and U-Pb data can be used to constrain the timing
of garnet growth\, and to link detrital titanite to different source litho
logies.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/155/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Caroline Eakin (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220414T060000Z
DTEND:20220414T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/156
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Deep Roots of Geology: Tectonic History of Australia and
its Margins expressed as Mantle Anisotropy\nby Caroline Eakin (RSES\,
ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nL
ecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\,
ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nAustralia is an old stable continent with
a rich geological history. Limitations in sub-surface seismic imaging belo
w the Moho\, however\, mean that is unclear to what extent\, and to what d
epth\, this rich geological history is expressed in the mantle. Studies of
seismic anisotropy\, which reflect past/present mantle deformation\, can
offer potential insights. One commonly employed technique is shear wave sp
litting\, in which the wave polarisation is measured. New such results fro
m the BILBY array\, a linear transect of seismic stations that crossed the
Australian continent from north to south\, reveals a pattern of anisotrop
y that is consistent with past deformation of the Australian lithosphere t
hat has been preserved for over 300 million years. Another informative tec
hnique is to use scattered surface waves\, called Quasi-Love waves\, that
can detect lateral gradients in seismic anisotropy. The first such study f
or the region finds that scatterers are preferentially located near (1) th
e passive continental margins\, and (2) the boundaries of major geological
provinces within Australia. Such lateral anisotropic gradients within the
continental interior imply pervasive fossilized lithospheric anisotropy\,
on a scale that mirrors the crustal geology at the surface. Beneath the c
ontinental margins\, lateral anisotropic gradients may indicate small-scal
e dynamic processes in the asthenosphere\, such as edge-drive convection\,
that are tied to the margins.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/156/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sarah Kachovich (ANZIC-IODP\, RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220331T050000Z
DTEND:20220331T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/157
DESCRIPTION:Title: Discovering the Earth’s deepest secrets with scientific oc
ean drilling\nby Sarah Kachovich (ANZIC-IODP\, RSES\, ANU) as part of
ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Ja
eger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus
.\n\nAbstract\nScientists have been drilling the ocean floor for 55 years\
, in an enduring paragon of global research\, over 275 expeditions. Over t
hese years\, scientific ocean drilling has continually shaped our foundati
onal knowledge about the entire Earth system while enabling new fields of
inquiry. This has resulted in a significantly broad range of accomplishmen
ts in several of the Earth science disciplines\, which includes\, understa
nding the Earth’s Paleoclimate and paleoceanographic evolution\, resolvi
ng boundary conditions and sensitivity constraints for testing climate and
tectonic models\, instrumenting regions of severe potential geohazards an
d exploring the deep limits of life.\n\nThis talk will be broken into two
parts. First\, we will visit the legacy of the scientific ocean drilling p
rograms. Then we will take a quick journey millions of years back in time
and explore the Earth’s future that is buried in the deep.\n\nIn the sec
ond half of the talk\, we will connect LIVE with the program's most famous
floating laboratory\, the JOIDES Resolution\, where ANU’s RSES\, Dr Der
ya Gürer is onboard. Outreach Officer\, Maryalice Yakutchik and Derya wil
l share the wonder of science and exploration on the IODP Expedition 392\,
which has been off the coast of South Africa for the past two months. The
Australian driller onboard\, Glenn Barret\, will also drop in on the call
to say g'day and explain the operational challenges of drilling the deep
sea. \n\nThe international team of Expedition 392 have been drilling the A
gulhas Plateau and Transkei Basin to reconstruct the Cretaceous–Paleogen
e tectonic and climatic evolution of the Southern Ocean basin and are abou
t to wrap up operations. Learn more about this expedition here : https://joidesresolution.org/expedition/agulhas-plateau-cretaceous-cli
mate/\n\n\nWho is ANZIC?\n\nANZIC is a consortium of
20 Australian and New Zealand government agencies and universities who hav
e partnered since 2006 to leverage our nations’ access to the IODP globa
lly unique\, scientific ocean drilling infrastructure. ANZIC is hosted at
the ANU Research School of Earth Sciences in Office L5\, Jaeger 4.\n\n
\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/174/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tobias Grützner-Handke (RSES & Frankfurt)
DTSTART:20220714T060000Z
DTEND:20220714T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/175
DESCRIPTION:Title: Experimental approach on the Earth's deep halogen cycle\
nby Tobias Grützner-Handke (RSES & Frankfurt) as part of ANU Research Sch
ool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar R
oom\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nH
alogens (F\, Cl\, Br\, I) play an important role in geochemical processes
namely as volatile elements that greatly influence magmatism\, metamorphis
m\, and metasomatism. This talk aims to give some insight into deep haloge
n cycling from an experimental point of view.\nDue to their different ioni
c sizes and electronegativity\, F\, Cl\, Br and I show different behaviour
during transport and storage in the Earth’s mantle. F\, the smallest ha
logen\, has a similar ionic size to water and its anion tends to replace O
H- in most hydrous phases\, with dramatic effects for their P-T stability
fields. F-rich endmembers can thermally stabilize phases like amphiboles o
r humites more than several 100 °C relative to their hydroxyl-pendant. \n
Unlike fluorine or water\, the heavy halogens (Cl\, Br\, I) are not compat
ible with most mantle phases and are enriched in hydrothermal fluids or ar
c-related volcanism. The overall abundance of Br and I is low\, but once b
ack in the atmosphere (after volcanic degassing) they can have a huge impa
ct on e.g. ozone destruction\, with Br being up to 26x more efficient than
Cl.\nCl is the heavy halogen with the highest overall abundance. It is al
so the most dominant halogen in seawater and many hydrothermal fluids. Sin
ce the last two decades there has not only been interest in Cl element beh
aviour in the mantle but also in Cl stable isotope fractionation. Fraction
ation can be strong in kinetic systems but is rather small in HT mantle pr
ocesses. However\, there is some evidence for 37Cl/35Cl mineral fluid frac
tionation at elevated temperatures that can be relevant for the mantle.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/175/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jessica Hargreaves (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220901T060000Z
DTEND:20220901T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/176
DESCRIPTION:Title: A Christmas Coral – Past and Present variability of tropic
al hydroclimate\nby Jessica Hargreaves (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Res
earch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAb
stract\nChanges in global temperature and precipitation are quickly becomi
ng part of the everyday vernacular. Future climate trends\, variability an
d extremes are likely to increasingly influence global supply chains\, agr
icultural productivity\, water security\, health and well-being. This incl
udes densely populated nations in the south-east Indian Ocean region\, wit
h shifts in the location\, width and intensity of the Tropical Convergence
Zone (TCZ) becoming particularly important as the region is heavily relia
nt the regular arrival of the monsoonal systems.\n \nUnderstandi
ng the causes of hydroclimate variability across the southeast tropical In
dian Ocean in current observations\, is challenging due to the effect of n
atural variability. Climate oscillations\, such as the Pacific Decadal Osc
illation (PDO)\, have been shown to influence the position of the TCZ\, an
d as such may have a strong influence on the observed rates and degrees of
expansion within the instrumental period. Without an extended high-resolu
tion record\, it is difficult to accurately determine whether natural vari
ability is an attributing factor in the expansion of the tropics\, or whet
her external forcings\, including increasing greenhouse gases and changing
aerosols concentrations\, have a larger impact. This knowledge is particu
larly important as climate models predict that future variability will res
ult in a northward shift in the TCZ across the Indian Ocean. An extended h
igh-resolution record of climate belt variability needs to be established
in order to better contextualise the recent observed expansions\, and cons
train model projections of future variability and change.\n \nTh
is talk presents an identification of variability in the TCZ and character
istics of the feature across the Indian Ocean. I will then present new pal
aeo coral-reconstruction for Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean\, coveri
ng the last 120 years at high resolution (monthly). This reconstruction is
developed from the composite of four newly developed high resolution cora
l records\, along with one previously published record. Christmas Island p
rovides an ideal location to extend instrumental records and improve palae
o-reconstructions of sea surface temperature and rainfall along a longitud
inal section of the Indian Ocean and the edge of the TCZ southern boundary
. This location provides an ideal location to fill a gap in analysis acros
s the south-east tropical Indian Ocean. The final chapter will draw on thi
s new reconstruction from Christmas Island\, along with pre-existing (publ
ished and unpublished) records from the south-east tropical Indian Ocean t
o determine changes in decadal variability over the last 600 years\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/176/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Marthe Kloecking (GEOROC/DIGIS)
DTSTART:20220809T060000Z
DTEND:20220809T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/177
DESCRIPTION:Title: Synchronising GEOROC\, EarthChem and AusGeochem on the Path
towards Global Geochemical Data Exchange and OneGeochemistry\nby Marth
e Kloecking (GEOROC/DIGIS) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Science
s school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Schoo
l of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nGeochemical data are
fundamental to understanding many planetary and environmental processes an
d global geochemical datasets are increasingly used to solve ever more com
plex research questions exploiting sophisticated computational methods. Ye
t in the absence of a community-endorsed data culture that adheres to comm
on data standards\, the geochemical data landscape is highly fragmented. G
EOROC and EarthChem are leading\, open-access resources for geochemical an
d isotopic data of igneous and metamorphic rocks and minerals. The databas
es have collaborated for nearly 25 years to provide researchers with acces
s to large volumes of curated and harmonised data collections. Both EarthC
hem and GEOROC have recently embarked on major new developments and upgrad
es to improve the FAIRness of their data services and the interoperability
of their data systems. The AuScope Geochemistry Network (AGN) is an Austr
alian consortium of Earth Science institutes cooperating to develop nation
al geochemistry research infrastructure. Their AusGeochem platform support
s the efficient and lossless transfer of data from laboratory instruments
in “Private” domains to a “Collaboration” domain\, to the “Publi
c” domain\, complete with all relevant information about the analytical
process and uncertainty\, and cross-references to originating samples and
publications. All three data systems are working together within the OneGe
ochemistry initiative which aims to create a global geochemical data netwo
rk that facilitates and promotes discovery and access of geochemical data.
Such a community-endorsed network will be the foundation of next-generati
on research across multiple Earth Science disciplines and beyond.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/177/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nicolas Flament (University of Wollongong)
DTSTART:20220915T060000Z
DTEND:20220915T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/178
DESCRIPTION:Title: Setting the lower mantle free\nby Nicolas Flament (Unive
rsity of Wollongong) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences scho
ol seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of E
arth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nPlate tectonics shapes Eart
h’s surface\, and is linked to motions within its deep interior. Cold oc
eanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle\, and hot mantle plumes rise from
the deep Earth\, leading to volcanism. Volcanic eruptions over the past 32
0 million years have been linked to two large structures at the base of th
e mantle presently under Africa and the Pacific Ocean. This has led to the
hypothesis that these basal mantle structures could have been stationary
over geological time\, in contrast to observations and models suggesting t
hat tectonic plates\, subduction zones and mantle plumes have been mobile.
Here we reconstruct mantle flow from one billion years ago to the present
day to show that the history of volcanism is statistically as consistent
with mobile basal mantle structures as with fixed ones. In our reconstruct
ions the structure beneath Africa progressively assembled from 400 million
years ago\, pushed by sinking oceanic lithosphere\, to become a coherent
structure as recently as 60 million years ago. In contrast to previous sug
gestions\, our mantle flow models suggest that basal mantle structures are
mobile\, and aggregate and disperse over time\, similarly to continents a
t Earth’s surface.\n \nBio:\nNicolas Flament is a Senior Lect
urer at the University of Wollongong. He graduated in 2010 with a PhD in E
arth Sciences from École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and The University o
f Sydney (cotutelle). He investigates the deformation of the solid Earth o
ver tens of million years by merging geodynamic models with global geologi
cal observations in collaboration with Earth Scientists in academia and in
industry.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/178/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Durgalakshmi (RSES\, ANU)
DTSTART:20220811T060000Z
DTEND:20220811T070000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/181
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Enigmatic Archaean-Proterozoic Transition\nby Durgal
akshmi (RSES\, ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences schoo
l seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Ea
rth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe end of the Archaean\, at
2.5 Ga\, was marked by a major geochemical and geodynamic change in the e
volution of the Earth—plate tectonics became dominant due to cooling of
the Earth\, mantle-derived magmas became less magnesian and their REEs mor
e fractionated\, crustal recycling became a factor in felsic magmatism\, a
nd there was a sharp increase in atmospheric oxygen and rates of weatherin
g. Terranes preserving rocks formed during this transition are relatively
rare\, however. A notable exception is the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT
) of southern India\, where an association of ca. 2.5 Ga hypersthene grani
tes (charnockites)\, gabbros\, ultramafic complexes and felsic gneisses is
exposed over an area of more than 25\,000 km2. Through a close study of t
he major rock types throughout the area utilising field relationships\, pe
trography\, major and minor element geochemistry\, U-Pb geochronology\, Hf
and O isotopes\, fluid inclusions and pressure-temperature indicators it
has been possible to address numerous burning questions of petrogenesis in
this cross section of late Archaean to early Proterozoic crust.\n\nEnormo
us bodies of charnockite with similar lithologies and formation ages are t
he dominant rock type. Their source(s) and petrogenesis have continued to
be the focus of lively debate. Charnockites from the Kolli Hills\, in the
east of the SGT\, have signatures indicative of formation at moderate temp
eratures and pressures from mantle sources. Associated gabbros are higher
pressure. Garnet formed during CO2 fluxing. The Bhavani region\, in the ce
ntral SGT\, contains abundant gabbro and minor granite. Hf isotopes sugges
t a mantle source\, although slightly elevated zircon δ18O indicates some
crustal involvement in the magma genesis. The granitic gneisses formed at
a lower pressure and temperature than the gabbros. There is extensive evi
dence for decompression\, late hydration and fluid fluxing. \n\nA layered
complex in the Mahadevi region\, consisting of mafic granulite with pyroxe
nite\, felsic orthogneiss and banded iron formation\, preserves evidence o
f early Palaeozoic retrogression\, but in addition evidence for mid Neopro
terozoic metamorphism\, the first recorded indication of such an event in
the SGT. REEs provide a link between trace mineral growth and the formatio
n and breakdown of feldspar and garnet. Zr in rutile indicates a period of
ultra-high temperatures. Large rafts of supracrustal rocks in younger gra
nites from the Tiruchengode region\, east central SGT\, provided samples f
rom the lower crust and further evidence for the mid Neoproterozoic event\
, as well as early Palaeozoic metamorphism.\n\nThe picture emerging is of
a complex Archaean terrane of HP rocks\, exposed upper mantle rocks\, anor
thosite-gabbro-ultramafic layered complexes\, and TTG’s that has been su
bject to extensive CO2 fluxing\, decompression hydration\, Na-metasomatism
and calc-alkaline magmatism over a period of more than 2 Ga. The results
validate the operation and activation of plate tectonics by ca. 2.5 Ga. Th
e SGT is an Archaean crustal cross-section that is well preserved without
any reworking. The presence of Archaean eclogitic rocks suggests an interm
ediate thermal gradient\, and that subduction-related processes were well-
established by the beginning of the Proterozoic. The HP rocks from this ti
me lie in the transition facies between eclogite and granulite. The major
characteristics of this ‘enigmatic’ period are the presence of massive
charnockites and the ca. 2.5 Ga rocks endemic to India and China. \n\n
\n\nFig. 1. a. Aero
magnetic anomaly image of south-eastern Australia (From Tarlowski et al.\,
1996) showing the centre of the Deniliquin Feature's location near Denili
quin\, NSW. Arrowheads show directions of possible demagnetized radial fea
tures. Frame defines location of Fig. 1b. Source: Geoscience Australia.\n\
nb. TMI image of the Deniliquin feature and surrounds\, including location
of drill holes which penetrated the basement. Arrows mark location of rad
ial fault lines and associated igneous bodies. Source: Geoscience Australi
a.\n\n(From Glikson & Yeates\, 2022 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.2
29454)\n\nThis seminar is organised and sponsored by the IODP/ANZIC (https
://iodp.org.au)\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/222/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Professor Maureen E. Raymo (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Co
lumbia University)
DTSTART:20231109T050000Z
DTEND:20231109T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/223
DESCRIPTION:Title: Jaeger-Hales Lecture\nby Professor Maureen E. Raymo (Lam
ont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University) as part of ANU Resea
rch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Se
minar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstra
ct: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/223/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:—
DTSTART:20231110T050000Z
DTEND:20231110T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/224
DESCRIPTION:Title: RSES 50th Anniversary Colloquium\nby — as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger
1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nA
bstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/224/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Aditya Patkar
DTSTART:20231102T050000Z
DTEND:20231102T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/228
DESCRIPTION:Title: In Situ Oxygen Isotopes and Water Concentrations: Analytical
Developments and Applications To Extraterrestrial Materials\nby Adity
a Patkar as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n
\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Science
s\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nCarbonaceous chondrites (CC) are a clas
s of brecciated and relatively unaltered meteorites that provide the best
clues to the solar system's origin and evolution. They contain components
such as Ca-Al-rich inclusions (formed during the birth of the solar system
– 4567 Ma ago)\, phyllosilicate-rich matrix (one of the most plausible
sources of water on Earth)\, organic compounds (>70 amino acids)\, and pre
solar grains (~7.5 Ga ago). Recent sample-return missions have targeted ne
ar-Earth C-type asteroids Ryugu (Hayabusa2\, JAXA) and Bennu (OSIRIS-Rex\,
NASA) which are thought to be the source of CCs. It is thus pertinent to
understand these primitive extraterrestrial rocks. In this study\, I have
employed two tracers to study a suite of CCs and samples of asteroid Ryugu
: \n\n(i) Oxygen (O) isotope compositions of meteorites (δ17\,18O = ((O17
\,18/O16)sample/(O17\,18/O16) VSMOW – 1) X 1000\; Δ17O = δ17O – 0.52
x δ18O which is the deviation from the terrestrial fractionation line on
which all terrestrial materials lie) have been used for decades to unders
tand the genetic relationship between meteorites and meteorite groups and
constrain the nature of the physicochemical processes in the early solar s
ystem. (ii) Water concentration in meteorites and their components have ma
jor implications on their volatile inventories\, the ambient conditions wh
en they accreted and the origin of water. \n\nThis PhD project is divided
into four sections including analytical development using the SHRIMP SI (S
ensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe Stable Isotope) at RSES\, and appl
ications to different components of CCs and asteroid Ryugu: \n\nAnalytical
development: Quantifying water in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) usi
ng SHRIMP SI is difficult\, and various considerations such as lowering in
strumental H2O background and calibrating raw 16O1H/16O ratios to water in
ppm are required. Measuring three O isotopes using SIMS in hydrated phase
s is another analytical challenge due to the presence of the large 16O1H-
ion peak interfering with the 17O- peak causing a tailing effect under the
latter. As such\, protocols have been developed to expand the analytical
capabilities of SHRIMP SI. \n isotopes and water in chondrules: Chondrules
are spherical objects made of olivine\, pyroxene and glassy mesostasis\,
and are compositionally\, texturally and isotopically diverse. Although th
e O-isotope compositions of chondritic NAMs are well-constrained\, there i
s a wide range of water contents reported from chondritic NAMs. The validi
ty of these reports and their inter-relationship between the O-isotopic co
mpositions is investigated in a large population of chondrules from CM\, C
O\, CV\, and CK chondrite groups.] \nisotopes and water in CAIs: CAIs from
CV chondrites collectively show >50‰ O-isotope variation. Gas-solid or
gas-melt reactions in the solar nebula and/or fluid-assisted thermal metam
orphism on the CV chondrite parent body are the possible mechanisms propos
ed for the isotopic exchange between the initially 16O-rich CAIs and 16O-p
oor external reservoir. The study assesses the role of water in the O-isot
ope exchange and also aims to determine the water concentration in CAI pha
ses like melilite\, anorthite\, pyroxene and spinel. \n isotopes and water
in matrix: Matrix is the fine-grained component in chondrites that fills
in gaps between chondrules and CAIs. In CI\, CM\, CY chondrites and Ryugu
\, the matrix is dominated by phyllosilicates like serpentine and saponite
. The extent of interaction between different O-isotope reservoirs is refl
ected in the phyllosilicate-rich matrix which shows isotopically heavier c
ompositions. In-situ O-isotope analyses are performed in bulk matrix using
the SHRIMP SI to constrain their Δ17O compositions.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/228/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:San-Mook Lee (Seoul National University)
DTSTART:20231113T040000Z
DTEND:20231113T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/231
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Meaning of Life and Our Place in the Universe: from the
Perspective of a Quadriplegic Scientist\nby San-Mook Lee (Seoul Nation
al University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school sem
inar\n\nLecture held in D.A.Brown Room\, Jaeger 8\, Research School of Ear
th Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/231/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Adrian Brown
DTSTART:20231116T050000Z
DTEND:20231116T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/232
DESCRIPTION:Title: Latest results from the M2020 Rover Mission\nby Adrian B
rown as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLe
cture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\,
ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe Mars 2020 rover has just arrived at the
Margin unit in Perseverance Crater. Dr. Brown will discuss the spectral
properties and viscosity of the related Seitah formation\, which is an oli
vine cumulate unit. Adrian will also discuss the progress of M2020 sampli
ng and the latest on the Mars Sample Return mission\, which is at a critic
al juncture.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/232/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Srijita Ray
DTSTART:20231128T050000Z
DTEND:20231128T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/235
DESCRIPTION:Title: The solubility of monazite in carbonate melts at upper mantl
e and crustal conditions\nby Srijita Ray as part of ANU Research Schoo
l of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Roo
m\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nRar
e earth elements (REEs) play a crucial role in technologies required for t
he transition to net zero\, and their occurrence is strongly linked to car
bonatites. However\, the mechanisms leading to REE enrichment in carbonati
tes remain poorly understood. Economic REE mineralization is typically ass
ociated with phosphate minerals such as monazite or xenotime. This researc
h aims to understand the conditions leading to the crystallization of mona
zite from carbonatite magma by examining the solubility of monazite in car
bonate melts\, as a function of pressure\, temperature\, and melt composit
ion. The study is structured into three main components: \n\n1. Experiment
al determination of monazite solubility in carbonate melt. \n\n2. Construc
tion of a regression model to comprehend and forecast monazite solubility
based on temperature\, pressure\, and melt compositions. \n\n3. Investigat
ion of monazite crystallization in natural carbonatite through fractional
crystallization. \n\nPiston-cylinder experiments were conducted at upper m
antle pressures of 1 and 2 GPa\, and temperatures from 1000 to 1450°C. A
synthetic sintered oxide mix\, with the composition of natural monazite\,
and a sodic dolomitic composition representing mantle-derived carbonatite
melt were used. The experiments\, conducted at a 1:1 ratio of monazite to
melt\, resulted in monazite crystallization\, confirming melt saturation i
n monazite. EPMA techniques at the Centre of Advanced Microscopy were empl
oyed to analyze melt and monazite compositions\, determining percentages o
f phosphorous and REE oxides. \n\nThe effect of composition on monazite so
lubility was explored by systematically varying Ca# (from 0.2 to 1.0) and
introducing SiO2 (up to 15.3 wt%) and CaF2 (up to 10 wt%). This data was t
hen used to develop a regression model\, providing insights into monazite
solubility concerning temperature\, pressure\, and melt composition. The m
odel aims to predict conditions conducive to monazite formation in natural
carbonatites. In the final phase of the project\, a primitive Na-calcio-c
arbonatite melt composition was used\, derived during its separation from
the associated silicate liquid along with some rare earth oxides. The prim
ary objective of this phase is to comprehend the processes governing monaz
ite crystallization within a natural carbonatite through fractionation\, b
uilding upon insights gained in earlier phases of the study.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/235/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rachel Kirby
DTSTART:20231130T050000Z
DTEND:20231130T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/236
DESCRIPTION:Title: Impact formation of IIE iron meteorites: geochemical and pet
rological studies on the processes and products\nby Rachel Kirby as pa
rt of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held
in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton
campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe formation\, evolution and parent asteroid of the
IIE iron mteorites is an ongoing topic of debate in the scientific communi
ty. Furthermore\, their curious petrography and features such as felsic gl
assy inclusions imbedded in well-crystallised metallic iron\, highly varia
ble metallographic textures\, and presence of chondrules\, have peaked the
interest of many over the years and provide numerous unanswered questions
. IIE iron meteorites are unique in their chemistry and petrography when c
ompared to the majority of iron meteorites. Petrographically they are a di
verse group with most IIE irons containing silicate inclusions of varied m
ineralogy and chemistry. Some IIE iron meteorites such as Netschaëvo cont
ain angular\, chondritic clasts with visible chondrules still present. Oth
ers such as Miles have more globular silicate inclusions that display a ra
nge of mineralogies from ultramafic/phosphatic to highly felsic and glassy
. Others still have no silicate inclusions whatsoever. \n\nChemical and ph
ysical features of IIE iron meteorites are inconsistent with formation in
the core of an asteroid\, with instead surface or near-surface impact proc
esses favoured amongst most researchers. However\, the details of these pr
ocesses and the nature of the parent body are unresolved. During my PhD I
have applied large range of geochemical and petrological analytical techni
ques along with thermodynamic and physical modelling to provide constraint
s on the timing\, peak temperatures and subsequent thermal evolution\, pre
ssure and oxygen fugacity conditions under which these meteorites formed.
In this seminar I will present key results of this research from which I h
ave developed a detailed model of the formation and evolution of the IIE i
ron meteorites. Finally\, I demonstrate that the geochemical and petrologi
cal features of H chondrites and IIE iron meteorites are not inconsistent
with formation on the same parent body.\n\nVideo passcode: 7@@N#1.h\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/236/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Louis Moresi (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20240201T040000Z
DTEND:20240201T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/244
DESCRIPTION:Title: A vision for reusable modelling for cross-disciplinary resea
rch\nby Louis Moresi (RSES) (ANU) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\n**Note tha
t this is also a special celebration of Louis' Academy Fellowship!**\n\nWe
often use computer models to build bridges across disciplines but here ar
e some things to remember:\n\n1. Computational modelling is a discipline i
n its own right and has its own dark secrets that need to be learned.\n\n2
. Models are for telling you about sensitivity to inputs\, simulations try
to match reality in some way.\n\n3.If you want to extrapolate models\, yo
u need some physical ground-truth built-in.\n\n4.Models should be open\, s
hareable\, and understandable and so should the underlying tools.\n\nI am
going to talk about how we try to make open\, cross-disciplinary modelling
tools that facilitate reproducible and reusable research. What I mean by
"reusable" is the ability to publish results that others can build upon\,
develop\, improve and make their own. My talk is also a personal reflectio
n and a celebration of 30 years of work in community software development
and application.\n\nZoom recording password: RR%jL0an\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/244/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Luc Doucet and Hugo Olierook (Curtin University) (Curtin Universit
y)
DTSTART:20240215T040000Z
DTEND:20240215T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/245
DESCRIPTION:Title: Exotic mantle-derived melt in the context of supercontinent
cycles\nby Luc Doucet and Hugo Olierook (Curtin University) (Curtin Un
iversity) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\
n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scienc
es\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nKimberlites\, lamproites\, carbonatite
s and related rocks are rare\, exotic volcanic products that contain preci
ous minerals (e.g.\, diamonds) or critical elements vital for our energy r
evolution (e.g.\, Nb\, REE). These volatile-rich\, mantle-derived rocks al
so provide significant insights into global mantle dynamics and carbon cyc
les. In this talk\, we will summarize the advances in research related to
kimberlites\, lamproites\, and carbonatites in Australia\, their connectio
n with supercontinent cycles\, and what remains to be done to address glob
al science questions. Luc will provide a grand overview of the state-of-th
e-art\, and Hugo will provide a case study on Argyle\, once the largest di
amond-producing mine in the world and perhaps one of the oldest preserved
deposits related to the supercontinent cycle.\n\nZoom recording password:
Mwg?*RH9\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/245/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Xiaoming Liu (University of North Carolina) (University of North C
arolina)
DTSTART:20240229T040000Z
DTEND:20240229T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/246
DESCRIPTION:Title: Geochemical adventures on Earth's surface\nby Xiaoming L
iu (University of North Carolina) (University of North Carolina) as part o
f ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in
Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton camp
us.\n\nAbstract\nDiscover how novel isotopes like lithium and potassium un
lock Earth's dynamic geochemistry! This seminar explores chemical weatheri
ng\, reverse weathering\, and their profound impacts on Earth's evolution.
From the volcanic slopes of Hawaii to the ancient oceans of the Permian-T
riassic\, we'll delve into isotope geochemistry and its power to reveal tr
ansformative environmental and climate shifts.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/246/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sylvie Demouchy (University of Clermont Auvergne) (University of C
lermont Auvergne)
DTSTART:20240314T040000Z
DTEND:20240314T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/247
DESCRIPTION:Title: Everything flows\, but how? Inferring the role of novel agen
ts of ductile deformation in olivine\nby Sylvie Demouchy (University o
f Clermont Auvergne) (University of Clermont Auvergne) as part of ANU Rese
arch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 S
eminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbs
tract\nUp to recently\, ductile deformation of mantle rocks has been forma
lized using experimentally obtained semi-empirical equations involving onl
y two types of defects in minerals (yielding to dislocation creep and diff
usion creep). Since the Earth’s mantle is not a giant single crystal of
olivine\, the potential role of grain boundaries must further be taken in
account. In this presentation\, I will briefly recall the state of art on
the ductile deformation of olivine (creep laws\, mechanisms\, experimental
data and their limitations) and present recent advances on novel agents o
f ductile deformation in olivine\, in particular along grain boundaries.\n
\nZoom recording passcode: 1kQqKU^z\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/247/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Shane Keating (UNSW) (UNSW)
DTSTART:20240328T040000Z
DTEND:20240328T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/248
DESCRIPTION:Title: Chasing storms: Investigations of ocean eddies from sea\, sp
ace\, lab and laptop\nby Shane Keating (UNSW) (UNSW) as part of ANU Re
search School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nA
bstract\nOcean eddies are rotating vortices of seawater\, tens to hundreds
of kilometers across and up to 2 km deep\, that are the oceanic equivalen
t of atmospheric weather patterns. These "storms of the ocean" make up 90%
of the kinetic energy of the ocean and play a crucial role in ocean circu
lation\, climate\, ecology\, and extreme events. However\, their prevalenc
e and impact has only been appreciated by the scientific community since t
he Cold War with the advent of large-scale observation campaigns\, numeric
al simulations\, and\, later\, satellite observations of the global ocean.
\n\nIn this talk\, I will present a survey of ocean eddies and their role
in the climate and marine ecosystems. Travelling from the shores of Loch L
ong\, Scotland to "Eddy Avenue" off the coast of NSW\, I will review some
of the observational\, experimental\, numerical\, and theoretical studies
that have led to our modern understanding of ocean eddies. I will discuss
the NASA-CNES Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite mission\, launc
hed in December 2022\, which will reveal ocean eddies with unprecedented a
ccuracy and resolution\, and some recent observational campaigns around Au
stralia that are contributing to the mission. Finally\, I will review some
novel approaches in data science and machine learning that are revealing
the surprising ways in which ocean eddies interact and transport material
through the ocean.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/248/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Amy Prendergast (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne
)
DTSTART:20240411T050000Z
DTEND:20240411T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/249
DESCRIPTION:Title: Hominin responses to changing environmental conditions in th
e Lower and Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant\nby Amy Prendergast (Univ
ersity of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne) as part of ANU Research Sch
ool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar R
oom\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nH
umans respond to changes in their local environment on daily to seasonal t
imescales. Therefore\, robust assessments of the impact of environmental c
hange on past human behaviour requires an understanding of local environme
ntal change at seasonal to sub-seasonal resolution. Obtaining high-resolut
ion palaeoclimatic records from archaeological sites enables detailed reco
nstructions of how humans responded to past changing climatic regimes. In
this talk\, I will present some of our latest research in understanding h
uman-environment interactions from deep time archaeological sequences. Thi
s includes assessing the role of rapid environmental changes in the expans
ion of early modern humans and the extinction of Neanderthals during the M
iddle to Upper Palaeolithic\, and understanding the environments encounter
ed by Homo erectus as they spread out of Africa. This research is providin
g nuanced understandings of how humans and our hominin ancestors responded
to local environmental changes through time\, and how these changes have
shaped the evolution of our species.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/249/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jan Dettmer (University of Calgary) (University of Calgary)
DTSTART:20240509T050000Z
DTEND:20240509T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/251
DESCRIPTION:Title: Integrating fiber-optic instrumentation in geohazards monito
ring and geophysical inference\nby Jan Dettmer (University of Calgary)
(University of Calgary) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences
school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School
of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nGeophysical methods hav
e a long history of contributing to the monitoring of geohazards such as e
arthquakes\, landslides\, and the failure of built structures. Geotechnica
l instrumentation is often limited to measurements at points in space\, su
ch as boreholes. Geophysical methods complement such information with infe
rences about the spatial and temporal distribution of subsurface propertie
s. A common hindrance for geophysical monitoring is that individual geophy
sical data types cannot uniquely determine Earth properties. Improvements
in spatial/temporal sampling of geophysical data and advanced inference me
thods can address some of these limitations. Fibre-optic sensing is a disr
uptive technology that measures strain with high spatial sampling and over
extremely broad frequency ranges along optical fibres. Several examples o
f these data illustrate the potential for exciting new discoveries but als
o include some limitations. For landslides\, the high spatial sampling and
resolution of low frequencies illuminates transient strains that propagat
e through a slope at minute scales and millimeter displacements. Tailings
dams are large built structures that impound mine waste. Instrumenting the
se dams with fibre provides long-term\, in-situ monitoring of geomechanica
l properties along entire dams and avoids costs associated with other seis
mic sensors. The high spatial resolution of fibre-optic sensors is also of
advantage to the monitoring of small seismic events. However\, the axial
symmetry of the sensor causes limitations in volcanic environments and for
the monitoring of induced earthquakes. Finally\, fibre-optic sensing can
reduce the uncertainty of subsurface elastic properties in inversion which
is important for carbon-capture and storage applications.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/251/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Chen Zhao (University of Tasmania) (University of Tasmania)
DTSTART:20240523T050000Z
DTEND:20240523T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/252
DESCRIPTION:Title: Subglacial hydrology reshapes projected Antarctic sea-level
rise\nby Chen Zhao (University of Tasmania) (University of Tasmania) a
s part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture
held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Ac
ton campus.\n\nAbstract\nSubglacial hydrology profoundly impacts basal sli
ding\, influencing ice sheet transport and sea-level rise projections. The
absence of hydrologic systems in ice sheet models is therefore a notable
source of uncertainty in projected ice-mass loss and its subsequent impact
on sea-level rise. Specifically\, the uncertainty associated with the rep
resentation of effective pressure (the difference between ice overburden p
ressure and subglacial water pressure) in basal sliding lacks comprehensiv
e investigation in Antarctic sea-level rise projections. We investigate th
e representation of effective pressure in basal sliding using various Elme
r/Ice setups. Our study reveals basin-specific responses\, significantly a
ffecting ice-mass loss projections and tipping point timing. Incorporating
interactions between ice dynamics and hydrology leads to a more volatile
grounding line\, with grounding line flux doubling by 2300 compared to mod
els lacking such interactions. These findings emphasize the necessity of i
ntegrating subglacial hydrology into ice sheet models for more reliable pr
edictions\, crucial for reducing uncertainty in future sea-level rise proj
ections.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/252/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ruoyu Sun (Tianjin University) (Tianjin University)
DTSTART:20240606T050000Z
DTEND:20240606T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/253
DESCRIPTION:Title: Mercury stable isotopes: Theory\, measurement\, and applicat
ions in modern and past environments\nby Ruoyu Sun (Tianjin University
) (Tianjin University) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences sc
hool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of
Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nMercury is a metallic ele
ment with neurotoxicity\, high volatility\, and global transport. Its natu
ral sources primarily include volcanic eruptions\, while anthropogenic sou
rces consist of small-scale gold mining\, fossil fuel combustion\, non-fer
rous metal smelting\, and cement production. Since the 2000s\, the develop
ment of the MC-ICPMS mass spectrometer has enabled the precise measurement
of mercury isotope ratios\, which opened up new perspectives for studying
the sources and processes of mercury. Mercury is the only metal with a "t
hree-dimensional" isotope tracing system: the common mass-dependent fracti
onation (>10‰)\, uncommonly large odd isotope mass-independent fractiona
tion (>10‰)\, and extremely rare even isotope mass-independent fractiona
tion (>1‰). This talk will introduce the relevant theories of mercury is
otope fractionation\, and the measurement methods for different types of s
amples\, and elaborate on the application of mercury isotopes in tracing m
odern and past Earth’s mercury cycling triggered by human activities and
natural processes (e.g.\, large-scale volcanism\, soil erosion).\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/253/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Indrani Mukherjee (UNSW) (UNSW)
DTSTART:20240620T050000Z
DTEND:20240620T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/254
DESCRIPTION:Title: A billion years of geological drama: boring or brilliant?\nby Indrani Mukherjee (UNSW) (UNSW) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe conven
tional perception of the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic era (2000-1000 million year
s ago) as the "Boring Billion" has often overshadowed critical milestones
in biological evolution. Despite evidence suggesting significant events su
ch as eukaryogenesis\, this period is characterized as one of geostability
that supposedly hindered macroscopic evolution. However\, recent geologic
al discoveries challenge this consensus\, revealing a dynamic era with pro
found impacts on the evolution of complex life. In this presentation\, I w
ill delve into the latest research that reinterprets geological trends and
evolutionary history during the "Boring Billion". This research underscor
es the interplay of abiotic factors\, including plate tectonics\, atmosphe
re-ocean redox structures\, and marine nutrient cycles\, in shaping the co
urse of biological evolution. My research presents an alternative way of i
nterpreting geological trends and evolutionary history of complex life. Th
e talk aims to present the audience an opportunity to make their own asses
sment of a billion years of Earth’s history.\n\nZoom recording passcode:
oPk6a39.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/254/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Stephen Foley (Macquarie University) (Macquarie University)
DTSTART:20240704T050000Z
DTEND:20240704T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/255
DESCRIPTION:Title: Incipient melts of the mantle and the deep carbon cycle\
nby Stephen Foley (Macquarie University) (Macquarie University) as part of
ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in J
aeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campu
s.\n\nAbstract\nCarbon\, water and other volatile components are transport
ed in the mantle principally as partial melts. The first melts that form a
nd move around in the mantle are volatile-rich and most of them solidify b
efore they can leave the mantle\, forming dykes rich in amphiboles\, mica
and clinopyroxene known as the hydrous pyroxenite suite. Our experiments s
how that the melting points of all hydrous pyroxenites are below that of p
eridotite and high degrees of melting occur quickly so that melts are mob
ile at temperatures below or close to the melting point of peridotite. Hyd
rous minerals exert strong control on many first-row transition elements (
especially Ni and Cr) and may sequester these in mantle dykes to a greater
extent than olivine does in peridotite.\n\nCarbonate-rich melts from eith
er subduction or melting of the uppermost asthenosphere trap carbon by red
ox freezing or as carbonate-rich dykes at the base of the lithosphere. Mel
ting releases carbon preferentially at steps in lithosphere thickness. Thi
s results in carbonate-rich melts\, explaining the spatial association of
carbonate-rich magmatism and metal deposits with craton edges. Variations
in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influ
ences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Global concepts such as av
erage sediment compositions and a uniform mantle oxidation state are not a
ppropriate for small-scale processes\, particularly in the thermal boundar
y layer. An increased focus on local variations will help to refine carbon
budget models.\n\nvideo passcode: e@IUs&91\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/255/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Morgan Blades (University of Adelaide) (University of Adelaide)
DTSTART:20240718T050000Z
DTEND:20240718T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/256
DESCRIPTION:Title: Half a billion years of basin evolution in northern Australi
a\; the greater McArthur Basin\nby Morgan Blades (University of Adelai
de) (University of Adelaide) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scien
ces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sch
ool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nNorthern Australia
contains a series of extensive Proterozoic basin systems that span from th
e Palaeo- to Mesoproterozoic: the greater McArthur Basin (McArthur Basin\,
Birrindudu Basin\, Tomkinson Province)\, the South Nicolson Basin\, and t
he Isa Superbasin. These systems have been interpreted to be of equivalent
age and deposited under similar climatic conditions\, resulting in correl
ative successions. This basin system covers much of northern Australia and
possibly extends as the Yanliao Basin across to North China\, which lay o
ff northern Australia when the basin formed — ca. 1820–1325 Ma. Not on
ly does this sedimentary system preserve half a billion years of Earth's h
istory\, it is a vast exploration province for basin-hosted resources\, bo
th hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) and metals (critical metals [e.g. ra
re earth elements\, Co]\, Cu\, Pb\, Zn and Au). Hydrocarbon and metal depo
sits in the basin are largely controlled by the host sediment composition
and ‘redox traps’\, these are in-turn moderated by seawater chemistry\
, biological activity and tectonism. However\, these controls are not full
y understood or constrained. \n\nIn order to better understand the basin e
volution\, we follow a number of approaches\, including:\n\n1. Using newer
geochronological laser-based techniques\, such as Rb–Sr in shales U–P
b in carbonates\, to assist with intra-basinal correlation\, thermal and h
ydrothermal overprint history.\n\n2. Using detrital chronology to understa
nd the potential source areas for the basin.\n\n3. Investigating the avail
able geochemical chemical proxies that relate to bio-productivity\, salini
ty/restriction\, and redox — temporally and spatially.\n\n4. Building a
reconstruction of the basin\, and of the tectonic geography of the basin.
\n\nIn this talk I will present aspects from all of these approaches and h
ow they have helped understand the evolution of the greater McArthur Basin
.\n\nZoom recording passcode: gu%&z7#%\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/256/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Josephine Brown (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne
)
DTSTART:20240801T050000Z
DTEND:20240801T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/257
DESCRIPTION:Title: Glacial and Holocene variability of ENSO\, monsoons and the
South Pacific Convergence Zone: insights from palaeoclimate modelling\
nby Josephine Brown (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne) as
part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture h
eld in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Act
on campus.\n\nAbstract\nFuture projections of major components of tropical
climate such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation\, the Australian monsoon and
the South Pacific Convergence Zone remain highly uncertain. We explore si
mulations of these climate features in the Last Glacial Maximum (21\,000 y
ears ago) and the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) to investigate the sensiti
vity of regional rainfall and climate modes of variability to changes in t
he mean state. Ensembles of simulations from the Palaeoclimate Modelling I
ntercomparison Project (PMIP3 and PMIP4) are used to explore changes in EN
SO\, the Australian monsoon and the South Pacific Convergence Zone in thes
e very different past climates. A set of “time-slice” simulations over
the last glacial cycle are also used to investigate variability of tropic
al climate in response to changing orbital configuration and other factors
.\n\nZoom recording passcode: 6&0@t*r.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/257/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ludmila Adam (University of Auckland) (University of Auckland)
DTSTART:20240815T050000Z
DTEND:20240815T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/258
DESCRIPTION:Title: Seismic and physical properties of sedimentary and volcanic
rocks: from Earth to the Moon and Mars\nby Ludmila Adam (University of
Auckland) (University of Auckland) as part of ANU Research School of Eart
h Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Resea
rch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nSeismic wave
s sense the rock microstructure at the smallest scale imaginable. That is
why they are such a powerful method to remotely image the subsurface of Ea
rth and planetary bodies. Our interpretation of the subsurface on planetar
y bodies relies on our knowledge of Earth’s geological processes\, which
we are still unraveling. Waves are sensitive to the porosity\, mineral co
mposition and fluids within. I’ll discuss how we can quantify or interpr
et the rock physical properties from seismic waves for two rock types: vol
canics and poorly-lithified sedimentary rock. In addition on how porosity
and pore shape influence wave speeds\, I will present how (acid-sulfate) h
ydrothermal alteration changes the rock microstructure for volcanic rocks.
The case studies will include laboratory experiments on Whakaari (White I
sland) volcano in New Zealand and numerical predictions of seismic wave sp
eeds from x-ray computerized tomography data of real Moon rocks. We will t
hen travel to Mars to discuss how analog sedimentary rock with different w
ater/ice content can explain observations of the near surface beneath NASA
’s InSight lander\, which deployed a seismometer on Elysium Planitia on
Mars.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/258/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Madelaine Rosevear (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbou
rne)
DTSTART:20240829T050000Z
DTEND:20240829T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/259
DESCRIPTION:Title: How does the ocean melt Antarctic ice shelves? Recent insigh
ts from observations and high-resolution models\nby Madelaine Rosevear
(University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne) as part of ANU Resear
ch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Sem
inar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstr
act\nAntarctic ice shelves are vast floating extensions of the Antarctic I
ce Sheet that surround much of the continent and slow the flow of glaciers
into the ocean. In many areas\, these ice shelves are thinning due to inc
reased melting by the ocean\, with significant implications for climate an
d sea level. So\, how quickly does ice melt into seawater? In this talk\,
I will explore this question by describing the small-scale ocean processes
that control melting. Ocean conditions vary widely around Antarctica\, le
ading to different melting regimes. I will illustrate these regimes using
results from high-resolution models of the ice-ocean boundary layer. Final
ly\, we will delve into the real polar ocean and discuss some observationa
l insights from data collected beneath the Shackleton Ice Shelf in East An
tarctica.\n\nZoom recording passcode:#Kcm9BB2\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/259/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:El Mestel (Victoria University of Wellington) (Victoria University
of Wellington)
DTSTART:20240912T050000Z
DTEND:20240912T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/260
DESCRIPTION:Title: Seismicity\, sub-surface structure\, and partnership with Ta
ngata Whenua of Taupō volcano\, Aotearoa New Zealand\nby El Mestel (V
ictoria University of Wellington) (Victoria University of Wellington) as p
art of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture hel
d in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton
campus.\n\nAbstract\nTaupō volcano is a frequently active rhyolitic cald
era volcano that was the site of Earth’s most recent supereruption (Ōru
anui\,∼25.5 ka)\, as well as one of the most violent eruptions globally
of the last 5000 years (Taupō\, 232±10 CE). Taupō has erupted 28 times
since Ōruanui and we see unrest activity (seismicity and surface deformat
ion) on roughly decadal timescales\, most recently in 2019 and 2022–23.
This elevated activity resulted in the Volcanic Alert Level for Taupō bei
ng raised to Level 1 for the first time. Any resumption of eruptive activi
ty at\nthe volcano poses a major source of hazard\, and improving our unde
rstanding of magma reservoir at Taupō is vital to interpreting future unr
est and possible eruption.\n\nEl will present investigations into the proc
esses that are causing seismicity at Taupō\, and the geometry and state o
f the magma reservoir at this volcano. An important part of this was build
ing partnerships with members of the community\, local Iwi and Hapū\, as
well as others involved in emergency management to deploy a three-year tem
porary seismometer network in the areas around Lake Taupō. With the seism
ic data\, they characterised recent seismicity between 2019 and 2022 to re
veal activity and structure related to the magma system. The results have
improved our collective knowledge of Taupō and can be used to inform the
monitoring of the volcano into the future.\n\nZoom recording passcode: b!r
s?%1f\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/260/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:John Hernlund (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (Tokyo Institute of
Technology)
DTSTART:20240926T050000Z
DTEND:20240926T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/261
DESCRIPTION:Title: If Planet=Function(Formation)\, what is the Function() like?
How will we learn it?\nby John Hernlund (Tokyo Institute of Technolog
y) (Tokyo Institute of Technology) as part of ANU Research School of Earth
Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Resear
ch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nI will sugges
t that the ultimate theoretical target of planet science is to understand
how the conditions of formation (composition\, timing/rate\, stellar syste
m context\, etc.) result in planets with particular characteristics (envir
onment\, tectonics\, magnetic field\, life\, etc.). Our first task is to d
etermine the nature of the function that relates the latter as inputs to t
he former as outputs. For example\, is it a one-to-one function\, in that
the same input always yields the same output\, or are multiple solutions p
ossible? Is it a rough or smooth function\, such that small variations in
input may yield dramatically different outcomes\, perhaps varying in behav
ior under certain conditions (what are they)? Here I will discuss what we
presently know about the Earth and other planets to argue that we don't pr
esently know the answer to these questions\, nor do we have the modeling t
ools to address them. And I will present a program regarding how we might
eventually approach this question in a scientific manner\, using the incre
asing volume and diversity of data regarding the Earth\, other planets/moo
ns in our solar system\, and exoplanets.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/261/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:David Heslop (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20241010T040000Z
DTEND:20241010T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/262
DESCRIPTION:Title: Paving the Way for Green Steel: Australia's Role in Reducing
Global Carbon Emissions\nby David Heslop (RSES) (ANU) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger
1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\
nAbstract\nMeeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change will
require innovative technologies that drastically cut greenhouse emissions
. In Australia\, this push for low or zero-emission solutions is now a key
part of the National Science and Research Priorities. One of the biggest
challenges is the global steel industry\, which accounts for over 7% of ca
rbon emissions. Developing "green" steel\, produced with minimal or zero e
missions\, will be crucial in the fight against climate change.\n\nIn this
seminar\, I'll delve into what green steel is and the technological hurdl
es that need to be overcome to make it a reality on a large scale. Austral
ia\, as the world’s leading producer of iron ore\, plays a vital role in
this process. However\, much of the iron ore found in Australia\, made up
of minerals like magnetite\, hematite\, and goethite\, isn’t yet compat
ible with envisaged green steel production methods. I’ll also discuss ho
w magnetic separation techniques can help improve the quality of this ore\
, making it a better fit for sustainable steel manufacturing.\n\nZoom reco
rding passcode:j=u?8hZC\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/262/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Axel K. Schmitt (Curtin University) (John de Laeter Centre\, Curti
n University)
DTSTART:20241024T040000Z
DTEND:20241024T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/263
DESCRIPTION:Title: The world’s youngest syenite-carbonatite system underneath
Laacher See\, Germany: A testbed for carbonatite genesis\nby Axel K.
Schmitt (Curtin University) (John de Laeter Centre\, Curtin University) as
part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture h
eld in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Act
on campus.\n\nAbstract\nCarbonatites are the dominant source for rare eart
h elements. Meeting the ever-increasing global demand for these critical m
inerals requires identifying fertile carbonatite rock bodies\, but this is
hampered by a fundamental lack in understanding timescales and process ra
tes of their formation. Moreover\, zircon is the key accessory mineral to
date past carbonatite formation events\, but it is intrinsically unstable
in carbonatite melts\, limiting the interpretability of such ages. This ta
lk addresses this conundrum from the viewpoint of uranium-series whole-roc
k and zircon data for the world’s youngest known syenite-carbonatite com
plex\, which is accessible in the form of ejecta clasts in pyroclastic dep
osits from the c. 13\,000-year-old Laacher See eruption. Through study of
these clasts\, the pace of silicate-carbonatite melt evolution can be esta
blished at an absolute temporal resolution unachievable in ancient carbona
tites.\n\nZoom recording passcode:kt5$pqzP\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/263/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Amando Lasabuda (University of Sydney) (University of Sydney)
DTSTART:20241107T040000Z
DTEND:20241107T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/264
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Cenozoic era of the Barents Sea\, Norwegian Arctic: A fo
rward modelling of basin and landscape dynamics and implications for ocean
circulation between the Atlantic and the Arctic\nby Amando Lasabuda (
University of Sydney) (University of Sydney) as part of ANU Research Schoo
l of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Roo
m\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nIn
this talk\, we will explore a near North Pole region called the Barents Se
a in the Norwegian Arctic and its evolution throughout its Cenozoic era (c
. 66 Ma). The geological history shows a complex interplay between tectoni
c\, climatic and surface processes. However\, datasets are limited and sp
arse in exploring this frontier area. What did the actual paleotopography
look like during the onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (c. 2.7 Ma)?
How was the corresponding sediment routing from the source to the sink are
a? Can we constrain the oceanic basin configuration of an ultra-slow seafl
oor spreading in a magma-poor setting with a sharp and steep continental m
argin? Unlike the Fram Strait Gateway where the scientific community has l
argely reached a consensus on when it was opened (c. 17 Ma)\, what was the
timing of the opening of the Barents Seaway? We will explore different fa
ctors\, parameters and scenarios in reconstructing basin-fill stratigraphy
and landscape evolution of the Arctic Barents Shelf and their implication
s for the ocean circulation between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans and the
onset of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. This project is part of the Mari
e Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) international mobility fellowship at th
e University of Sydney and the University of Oslo\, funded by the European
Union and the Research Council of Norway.\n\nZoom recording passcode:=er%
JH0z\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/264/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Malcolm Sambridge (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20241121T040000Z
DTEND:20241121T050000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/265
DESCRIPTION:Title: When one of things you don’t know is the number of things
that you don’t know.\nby Malcolm Sambridge (RSES) (ANU) as part of A
NU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jae
ger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.
\n\nAbstract\nSince its introduction in geophysics some twenty years ago\,
Trans-dimensional Bayesian Inference has become a popular approach for Ba
yesian sampling problems. It has been widely applied in solid Earth geophy
sics where the class of model representation of the subsurface\; the numbe
r of free variables involved\; or the level of data uncertainty is itself
uncertain. The old adage goes that this approach is used ‘When one of th
e things that you don’t know is the number of things that you don’t kn
ow’.\n\nThere are\, however\, several limitations that have become evide
nt over this time. One of which is that it’s really only practical when
the number of free parameters in any problem differ in a (near) regular se
quence between alternate models\, usually by addition or subtraction of a
single variable. Furthermore\, implementation details are bespoke to each
class of problem. As a result\, implementations and software are only appl
icable within a limited class of problem. Change the physical set up\, dat
a type\, or even conceptual assumptions about how to represent the Earth\,
and then the one usually has to start again from scratch. \n\nA generalis
ation of Trans-D\, which we call trans-conceptual\, or Trans-C inversion i
s presented. Trans-C Bayesian sampling allows exploration across a finite\
, but arbitrary\, set of situations where different conceptual assumptions
are employed\, i.e. ones where the number of variables\, the type of mode
l parameterisation\, nature of the forward problem\, and assumptions on th
e measurement noise statistics\, may all vary independently. In contrast t
o trans-D the new framework lends itself to development of automatic imple
mentations\, i.e. where the details of the sampler do not require knowledg
e of the parameterization. Algorithms implementing Bayesian conceptual mod
el sampling are presented and illustrated with examples drawn from geophys
ics\, using real and synthetic data. Comparison with reversible-jump illus
trates that Trans-C sampling produces statistically identical results for
situations where the former is applicable\, but also allows sampling in si
tuations Trans-D would be impractical to implement\, e.g. where the data i
s to be used to constrain an Earth model using a range of competing concep
tual assumptions. Trans-C holds the promise that we can move beyond the si
tuation where we base our inferences on a whole set of\, possibly poorly j
ustified or unverifiable\, assumptions.\n\nZoom recording passcode:t6Xbv%8
#\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/265/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:David Vaux (University of Melbourne)
DTSTART:20240307T031500Z
DTEND:20240307T043000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/266
DESCRIPTION:Title: Researchers behaving badly\nby David Vaux (University of
Melbourne) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school semina
r\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scie
nces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nA seminar and discussion session on
research integrity from the nations foremost expert\, Prof. David Vaux\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/266/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Marc Hesse (University of Texas at Austin ) (University of Texas a
t Austin)
DTSTART:20240422T050000Z
DTEND:20240422T060000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/267
DESCRIPTION:Title: Porous Media in Earth and Planetary Processes: From Physical
Principles to Geological Applications\nby Marc Hesse (University of T
exas at Austin ) (University of Texas at Austin) as part of ANU Research S
chool of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar
Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\
nMost geological materials are porous and the dynamics of flow\, deformati
on\, and reactions in porous media control energy and mass transport in ma
ny geological and environmental processes. I will give an overview of thre
e projects that show case fundamental porous media research and its applic
ation to the Earth and Planetary Sciences.\n\nGeological Carbon Storage is
an important negative emissions technology\, but basic questions about th
e storage security have to be adressed. Carbon dioxide (CO$_2$) can be tra
pped in the subsurface by dissolution into the brine\, which increases the
brine density sequesters the CO$_2$ at depth. The rate of CO$_2$ dissolut
ion is therefore critical to storage security. I will present results esti
mating CO$_2$ dissolution rates in natural CO$_2$ accumulations and labora
tory studies determining the physical controls of dissolution rates.\n\nGe
odetic aquifer characterization: Satellite geodesy and continuous GPS netw
orks are pro- viding unprecedented information about deformation of the Ea
rth’s surface. Surface deformation measurements provide an entirely new
approach to aquifer characterization and monitoring. Here we show that inc
orporation of InSAR data into the analysis of a well test performed in 200
3 in Mesquite\, NV significantly improves characterization of lateral aqui
fer heterogeneity. In particu- lar\, we infer both high permeability chann
els and flow barriers in the area affected by a significant surface deform
ation (4-5 km radius). The robustness of the inversion with respect to a r
ange of prior assumptions of aquifer heterogeneity shows that the aquifer
characterization is significantly informed by the InSAR data.\n\nHabitabil
ity of icy moons in the outer solar system has become the major question i
n solar system exploration\, since the discovery of tidally heated interna
l oceans in the moons of Jupiter and Saturn by the Galileo and Cassini spa
cecrafts. We now know that there is more liquid water in the outer solar s
ystem than on Earth and the habitability of these large internal oceans wi
ll be studies by three upcoming flagship mission: JUICE (ESA)\, Europa Cli
pper and Dragonfly (NASA). A first order question is the avialability of r
edox gradients to chemosyntactic life in these oceans. I will present mode
lling results for the transport of surface-generated oxidant through the i
ce shell of these icy moons by porous drainage and viscous foundering of i
mpact generated melts.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/267/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Leandro Diaz (CIMA-University of Buenos Aires) (CIMA-University of
Buenos Aires)
DTSTART:20250220T020000Z
DTEND:20250220T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/269
DESCRIPTION:Title: Observed precipitation trends in southern South America: dri
vers and uncertainties based on global climate models\nby Leandro Diaz
(CIMA-University of Buenos Aires) (CIMA-University of Buenos Aires) as pa
rt of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held
in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton
campus.\n\nAbstract\nIn recent decades\, southern South America has experi
enced significant changes in precipitation patterns. In particular\, there
have been increasing trends in southeastern South America and decreasing
trends in southwestern South America and the Altiplano high plateau. These
changes pose serious challenges\, as the region's communities and many of
its key economic activities (such as agriculture) are heavily dependent o
n water availability.\nIn this seminar\, I will present recent advances in
understanding these trends\, assessing uncertainties\, and attributing ch
anges to various external climate system forcings. The analysis is based o
n a comprehensive evaluation of models and experiments from the latest Cou
pled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 and CMIP6) of the World Climate
Research Program (WCRP). The results show that anthropogenic forcings\, i
n particular the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations\, are the main
drivers of the observed precipitation trends in southern South America. Ho
wever\, significant uncertainties remain due to model response variability
and internal climate variability. Addressing these uncertainties is criti
cal to improve the reliability of future projections and to support more r
obust climate adaptation strategies.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/269/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Anna Wåhlin (University of Gothenburg) (University of Gothenburg)
DTSTART:20250206T020000Z
DTEND:20250206T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/270
DESCRIPTION:Title: Swirls and scoops - Ice-base melt revealed by multibeam imag
ery of an Antarctic ice shelf\nby Anna Wåhlin (University of Gothenbu
rg) (University of Gothenburg) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sci
ences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research S
chool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nKnowledge gaps ab
out how the ocean melts Antarctica’s ice shelves\, borne from a lack of
observations\, lead to large uncertainties in sea level predictions. Using
high-resolution maps of the underside of Dotson Ice Shelf\, West Antarcti
ca\, we reveal the imprint that ice shelf basal melting leaves on the ice.
Convection and intermittent warm water intrusions form widespread terrace
d features through slow melting in quiescent areas\, while shear-driven tu
rbulence rapidly melts smooth\, eroded topographies in outflow areas\, as
well as enigmatic teardrop-shaped indentations in the ice. Full-thickness
ice fractures\, with bases modified by basal melting and convective proces
ses\, are observed throughout the area. This new wealth of processes\, all
active under a single ice shelf\, must be considered to accurately predic
t future Antarctic ice shelf melt.\n\nZoom recording passcode:rN4LA%p2\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/270/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Zhen Wang (Monash University) (Monash University)
DTSTART:20250320T020000Z
DTEND:20250320T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/271
DESCRIPTION:Title: From Pollution to Prosperity: Geochemical Solutions for Trac
ing Environmental Legacy and Unlocking Economic Future of Energy and Miner
al Wastes\nby Zhen Wang (Monash University) (Monash University) as par
t of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held
in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton c
ampus.\n\nAbstract\nExploration and utilization of energy and mineral reso
urces inevitably generate an enormous amount of waste materials\, conseque
ntly posing grand challenges to their disposal and management and raising
significant concerns about their impacts on the Earth’s surface environm
ent. Many of these wastes may contain elevated concentrations of toxic and
carcinogenic trace elements such as arsenic (As)\, lead (Pb)\, and mercur
y (Hg)\, which can cause serious risks to environmental quality and human
and ecological health. Meanwhile\, these waste materials may also contain
high contents of critical and strategic metals including nickel (Ni)\, cob
alt (Co)\, and rare earth elements (REE)\, which offer promising opportuni
ties to turn them into valuable resources for modern green technologies. A
s such\, in this seminar presentation\, I would like to draw your attentio
n to my research on two examples of these wastes: coal ash and mine tailin
gs. Specifically\, I will showcase my work on using geochemical tools to t
race the legacy of coal ash contamination in the environment\, as well as
my work on geochemically recovering critical metals from mine tailings whi
le sequestering carbon dioxide.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/271/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Taimoor Sohail (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne)
DTSTART:20250403T020000Z
DTEND:20250403T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/272
DESCRIPTION:Title: Data science and machine learning in oceanography\nby Ta
imoor Sohail (University of Melbourne) (University of Melbourne) as part o
f ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in
Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton camp
us.\n\nAbstract\nThe global ocean is undergoing profound and complex chang
es in response to climate change\, with far-reaching consequences for Eart
h’s climate system. Key processes such as ocean heat uptake\, shifts in
the water cycle\, and polar ice melt demand a deeper\, more precise unders
tanding. Advances in data science and machine learning offer powerful new
tools to extract insights from observational and modelling datasets\, prov
iding a fresh perspective on ocean dynamics.\n\nIn this talk\, I present r
esearch leveraging quantile techniques\, clustering methods\, and neural n
etworks to enhance our understanding of the global ocean. I demonstrate ho
w quantile-based approaches facilitate direct\, like-for-like comparisons
between ocean models and observations\, revealing previously obscured patt
erns. I explore how clustering algorithms can systematically identify and
track water masses\, shedding light on their long-term evolution. Addition
ally\, I showcase how deep learning architectures like ResNets and UNets c
an extend and refine ocean observation networks\, offering novel ways to i
nterpolate sparse datasets and improve predictive capabilities.\n\nBy inte
grating these data-driven methods into oceanographic research\, we can bri
dge gaps between observational and modeled ocean data\, leading to more ac
curate assessments of ocean changes. This interdisciplinary approach highl
ights the growing role of computational techniques in advancing oceanograp
hy\, geoscience\, and climate research.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/272/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Paul Tregoning (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20250417T030000Z
DTEND:20250417T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/273
DESCRIPTION:Title: Geodesy for climate change: Observational evidence of ongoin
g changes on Earth\nby Paul Tregoning (RSES) (ANU) as part of ANU Rese
arch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 S
eminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbs
tract\nFor several decades\, satellite observations have been used to stud
y and quantify changes due to many different processes on Earth. From quan
tifying global and regional sea level rise to monitoring melting of polar
ice sheets\, space geodesy has provided key observational evidence of what
has happened to our Earth. While modelling can provide insights into comp
lex problems\, observations of what actually happened are critical to ensu
re that the models resemble reality. Several new and proposed satellite mi
ssions continue and enhance the prospects for both ongoing monitoring and
improved understanding of\, for example the hydrological cycle\, the effec
ts of global warming and the ongoing threat of ice sheet collapse and subs
equent sea level rise. In this presentation I will explain how some of the
se satellite missions work\, the insights that they offer and will show so
me of the recent research of students and academics in the geodesy group a
t RSES\, including monitoring of on-farm storage of water\, large-scale
“wetting” of northern Australia\, climate-driven changes in regional s
ea level and the recent temporary increase in Antarctic mass balance.\n\nZ
oom recording passcode:FHU!9wK2\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/273/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Brian Arbic (University of Michigan) (University of Michigan)
DTSTART:20250501T030000Z
DTEND:20250501T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/274
DESCRIPTION:Title: Long-term Earth-Moon evolution with high-level orbit and oce
an tide models\nby Brian Arbic (University of Michigan) (University of
Michigan) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar
\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Scien
ces\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nTides and Earth-Moon system evolution
are coupled over geological time. Tidal energy dissipation on Earth slows
Earth's rotation rate\, increases obliquity\, lunar orbit semi-major axis
and eccentricity\, and decreases lunar inclination. Tidal and core-mantle
boundary dissipation within the Moon decrease inclination\, eccentricity
and semi-major axis. Here we integrate the Earth-Moon system backwards for
4.5 Ga with orbital dynamics and explicit ocean tide models that are “h
igh-level” (i.e.\, not idealized). To account for uncertain plate tecton
ic histories\, we employ Monte Carlo simulations\, with tidal energy dissi
pation rates (normalized relative to astronomical forcing parameters) rand
omly selected from ocean tide simulations with modern ocean basin geometry
and with 55\, 116\, and 252 Ma reconstructed basin paleogeometries. The n
ormalized dissipation rates depend upon basin geometry and Earth's rotatio
n rate. Faster Earth rotation generally yields lower normalized dissipatio
n rates. The Monte Carlo results provide a spread of possible early values
for the Earth-Moon system parameters. Of consequence for ocean circulatio
n and climate\, absolute (un-normalized) ocean tidal energy dissipation ra
tes on the early Earth may have exceeded today's rate due to a closer Moon
. Prior to ~3 Ga \, evolution of inclination and eccentricity is dominated
by tidal and core-mantle boundary dissipation within the Moon\, which yie
ld high lunar orbit inclinations in the early Earth-Moon system. A drawbac
k for our results is that the semi-major axis does not collapse to near-ze
ro values at 4.5 Ga\, as indicated by most lunar formation models. Additio
nal processes\, missing from our current efforts\, are discussed\nas topic
s for future investigation.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/274/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Qingyu Wang (Université de Strasbourg) (Université de Strasbourg
)
DTSTART:20250515T030000Z
DTEND:20250515T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/275
DESCRIPTION:Title: Unveiling subsurface dynamics by listening to the Earth’s
hum\nby Qingyu Wang (Université de Strasbourg) (Université de Strasb
ourg) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nL
ecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\,
ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nFor decades\, ambient seismic noise has be
en used to image the subsurface's static structure and track the temporal
evolution of its seismic properties. While tectonic forces are key drivers
of subsurface changes\, external influences such as environmental factors
and human activities also play a significant role. How do these combined
forces interact to shape subsurface dynamics? In this talk\, I will demons
trate how ambient seismic noise is used to monitor changes in the physical
properties of the subsurface and assess the impact of external forces on
its evolution. By highlighting recent studies\, I will also discuss the ch
allenges we face today in using ocean-generated ambient seismic noise to p
robe the subsurface dynamics.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/275/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Fanny Garel (University of Montpellier) (University of Montpellier
)
DTSTART:20250612T030000Z
DTEND:20250612T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/277
DESCRIPTION:Title: What drives deep earthquakes in subduction zones? Insights f
rom dynamical models\nby Fanny Garel (University of Montpellier) (Univ
ersity of Montpellier) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences sc
hool seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of
Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe heretogeneous distrib
ution of shallow earthquakes defines weak and deforming plate boundaries\,
in contrast to low-seismicity\, stiffer lithospheric plates. However\, nu
merous deep-focused earthquakes - occurring at depths greater than 500 km
- take place inside the cold slab imaged by seismic tomography. Several me
chanisms\, depending on intraslab thermal and/or deformation state\, have
been proposed to explain their occurrence much deeper than the expected br
ittle-ductile transition. Using thermo-mechanical models\, we analyse here
the co-evolution of intraslab temperature and deformation rate for variou
s subduction scenarios and slab morphologies. We evidence in particular (i
) a temporal shift between surface subduction parameters and temperature i
n the mantle transition zone\, (ii) conjunction of both low-temperature an
d high-strain rates during slab folding episodes. These results highlight
the importance of reevaluating present-day slab thermal and deformation st
ates using previous subduction history.\n\nZoom recording passcode:3&^AgF%
L\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/277/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Anya Reading (University of Tasmania) (University of Tasmania)
DTSTART:20250626T030000Z
DTEND:20250626T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/278
DESCRIPTION:Title: Computational and Geophysical Adventures in East Antarctica<
/a>\nby Anya Reading (University of Tasmania) (University of Tasmania) as
part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture he
ld in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acto
n campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe East Antarctic lithosphere\, and asthenosphere
beneath\, is the dynamic foundation for ice sheets and other Earth system
components. The first part of this seminar reports on ground-based Antarct
ic field campaigns (which involve quite a bit of digging). The new data co
llection is enabled by the Geophysical Research Infrastructure for Antarct
ica (GRIT) Facility\, based at UTAS Physics. The research enables insight
into the East Antarctic lithosphere and its interactions with the ice shee
t above through multivariate computational\, seismological and other geoph
ysical approaches. \n\nGlacier investigations\, focused on ice quakes\, al
so make use of the extensive toolbox of seismology. In the second part of
this seminar\, semi-automated approaches for handling Southern Ocean noise
\, adjacent ice shelf signals and local glacier seismicity occurring in th
e same time window are discussed. Monitoring major outlets of the East Ant
arctic Ice Sheet by using seismology (which involves more digging)\, is be
coming a reality\, and is currently focused on the Denman-Scott and Vander
ford-Totten glacier systems.\n\nZoom recording passcode:8.0+Z6ME\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/278/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Nerilie Abram (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20250731T030000Z
DTEND:20250731T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/280
DESCRIPTION:Title: From emerging evidence of abrupt changes in the Antarctic en
vironment to science-based approaches that can aid decision-makers in avoi
ding damaging climate change impacts\nby Nerilie Abram (RSES) (ANU) as
part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture h
eld in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Act
on campus.\n\nAbstract\nEvery fraction of a degree of additional global wa
rming matters. This is true for climate impacts that progressively worsen
with each increment of additional warming\, as well as abrupt\, high-impac
t changes that can develop when warming thresholds are surpassed. In Antar
ctica and the Southern Ocean\, the potential for abrupt changes has been l
argely unknown\, but over recent years evidence of abrupt change events ha
s begun to emerge in multiple parts of the system. Some of these changes m
ay be irreversible\; many interact with each other in ways that will ampli
fy further changes\; and all have far-reaching consequences for Australia
and the world. Policy responses to limit the impacts of future changes in
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean will need to consider plausible futures
that include abrupt changes\, while also pursuing deep and rapid emission
reductions that limit warming with as little overshoot of 1.5°C as possib
le. Such national-level emission reductions are legislated in Australia th
rough our Nationally Determined Contributions\, but decisions to continue
extracting fossil fuels are made at the project level. In the absence of a
best-practice\, science-based approach for quantifying the consequences o
f these emissions\, project applications made by fossil fuel proponents pe
rvasively describe their emissions as too small to matter in the context o
f global climate change\, and their impacts as inconsequential. By quantif
ying the additional warming that can be anticipated from project level emi
ssions\, it is instead possible to also quantify a range of social and env
ironmental consequences of these project-level emissions that can then be
assessed for acceptability in a risk assessment framework. This practical\
, future-focused approach offers a critical bridge between climate science
and decision-making\, with immediate relevance to choices that will shape
Earth’s climate for decades to centuries to come.\n\nZoom recording pas
scode:@Z3.U$WC\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/280/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Katy Evans (Curtin University) (Curtin University)
DTSTART:20250821T030000Z
DTEND:20250821T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/282
DESCRIPTION:Title: The first two years of the Murujuga Rock Art Monitoring Prog
ram: A summary\nby Katy Evans (Curtin University) (Curtin University)
as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture
held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU A
cton campus.\n\nAbstract\nMurujuga\, Western Australia\, hosts over one mi
llion rock art engravings preserving indigenous knowledge spanning 50\,000
years. In July 2025\, the site\, described as “manifestation of creativ
e genius\, inscribed in the landscape since deep time”\, was inscribed o
n the World Heritage List\, and is Australia’s second site to be recogni
sed for its Aboriginal cultural values and its first Indigenous-led nomina
tion. This globally significant site is co-located with heavy industry. Me
asurements of pH on rock surfaces have provoked concern that industrial em
issions are dissolving minerals on the rock surface\, with negative conseq
uences for rock art. These concerns motivated the Murujuga Rock Art Monito
ring Program (MRAMP). This ongoing program was co-designed by the Murujuga
Aboriginal Corporation\, and the Western Australian State Government (Dep
artment of Water and Environmental Regulation). This world-first interdisc
iplinary study combines geology\, geochemistry\, air quality monitoring\,
microbiology\, photogrammetry\, organic geochemistry\, and advanced colori
metry within a robust statistical framework.\n\nResults from the first two
years have not yielded any evidence that current industrial emissions are
associated with reduced pH\, acid rain\, or other acidic deposition. Howe
ver\, there is statistically significant evidence for elevated porosity of
the outer layer of granophyre rocks in the region where industrial emissi
ons have been highest since the 1960s. The apparent spatial association of
elevated porosity and elevated emissions is consistent with a causal link
to chronic exposure to emissions\, which were higher before 1985. These f
indings highlight the importance of appropriate measurement techniques and
interpretation in rock art monitoring\, and the sensitivity of world-clas
s rock art at Murujuga to industrial emissions.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/282/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Ron Hackey (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20250918T030000Z
DTEND:20250918T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/284
DESCRIPTION:Title: A grand finale: IODP Expedition 405 tracking tsunamigenic sl
ip across the Japan Trench – and testing whether flexural rigidity contr
ols slip extent during giant earthquakes\nby Ron Hackey (RSES) (ANU) a
s part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture
held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Ac
ton campus.\n\nAbstract\nExpedition 405\, the last of the International Oc
ean Discovery Program (IODP)\, aimed to investigate the conditions and pro
cesses that facilitated the extremely large shallow slip on the subduction
interface during the 2011 Mw 9.1 Tōhoku-oki earthquake. In late 2024\, E
xpedition 405 drilled multiple boreholes at two sites: one ~8 km seaward o
f the Japan Trench\, to characterize the sediments entering the subduction
zone\, the other ~6 km landward of the trench\, where the plate boundary
fault zone lies at a depth of ~825 mbsf (in a water depth of almost 7000 m
).\n \nNot only was slip during the Tōhoku-oki earthquake unusually large
at shallow depth\, but the overall extent of slip exhibits an intriguing
correlation with a region of low Japan Trench flexural rigidity (low litho
spheric strength) within and adjacent to the Japan Trench. This relationsh
ip also holds for slip during all but one instrumentally recorded giant (M
>9) earthquake\, leading to the hypothesis that subduction zone flexural r
igidity is a proxy for maximum lateral rupture extent during giant earthqu
akes. Confirming this hypothesis requires an explanation for this apparent
correlation\, but such an explanation remains elusive.\n \nDuring this pr
esentation\, I will explain how physical property and structural data from
accretionary wedge sediment cores acquired during IODP Expedition 405 may
help to explain the observed correlation between low flexural rigidity an
d co-seismic slip. Clues may lie in differences in accretionary wedge defo
rmation style above and beyond the rupture zone\, the presence or absence
of a weak pelagic clay layer within the plate boundary fault zone\, and th
e weakening effects of plate bend faulting that\, counterintuitively\, is
not limited to the region of mapped low flexural rigidity.\n \nBeyond the
scientific challenges\, I will also reflect on how an IODP expedition exem
plifies the engineering and technical challenges of an endeavour that is a
t the forefront of human ingenuity.\n\nZoom recording passcode:b@v?8z8n\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/284/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rosa Didonna (CSIRO) (CSIRO)
DTSTART:20251002T030000Z
DTEND:20251002T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/285
DESCRIPTION:Title: The Hidden Treasure of Earth: Formation and Exploration of L
ithium Pegmatite in Australia\nby Rosa Didonna (CSIRO) (CSIRO) as part
of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held i
n Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton ca
mpus.\n\nAbstract\nThe global transition towards a clean energy future fun
damentally depends on the secure and sustainable supply of critical minera
ls\, such as lithium (Li). As a key component in energy storage technologi
es\, Li plays an essential role in the development of low-carbon systems\,
including electric vehicles and batteries. Thus\, advancing our understan
ding of the petrogenesis and emplacement mechanisms of lithium-bearing peg
matites\, as well as their geochemical relationships with their surroundin
g host rocks\, is crucial for guiding future lithium exploration.\n\nMost
Australian LCT pegmatites are located in Western Australia\, such as the w
orld-class Greenbushes Li-pegmatite deposit and the currently explored Pil
bara region. However\, there is a significant unexplored potential in anot
her geological province across Australia\, as proven by Li\, Ta\, Sn\, and
Nb exploration activities in Victoria. This research aims to advance mine
ral exploration strategies by using microscopic-scale analysis of pegmatit
es from the Omeo Zone in northeastern Victoria (SE Australia) and Pilgango
ora deposits (Pilbara Region\, Western Australia). By moving beyond conven
tional whole-rock composition methods\, our approach provides a more accur
ate assessment of the Li mineralisation associated with pegmatites. We exa
mine the magmatic and hydrothermal processes that affect Ta-Nb oxide fract
ionation and crystallisation at the pegmatite scale through integrated pet
rographic\, geochemical and mineralogical textural analyses. The Ta-Nb oxi
des\, such as columbite and tantalite minerals\, are robust markers of the
geological conditions that differentiate barren versus Li-mineralised peg
matites.\n\nThis study innovates by offering valuable insights that can be
applied directly to Lithium exploration workflows\, enabling a more accur
ate assessment of prospective and non-prospective pegmatites.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/285/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Sanaa Hobeichi (UNSW) (UNSW)
DTSTART:20251030T020000Z
DTEND:20251030T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/287
DESCRIPTION:Title: Enhancing drought prediction through Machine Learning and im
pacts reports\nby Sanaa Hobeichi (UNSW) (UNSW) as part of ANU Research
School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Semin
ar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstrac
t\nDroughts have devastating impacts on water resources\, ecosystems\, and
economies. Traditionally\, they are identified using climate indices that
define drought events as extreme anomalies in variables like rainfall. Th
is presentation introduces a novel methodological approach that leverages
a comprehensive archive of drought impact reports. By employing machine le
arning techniques\, we link these observed impacts to concurrent climate c
onditions\, generating a new\, impact-based drought indicator. This indica
tor significantly outperforms traditional drought indices in predicting dr
ought events with tangible societal and environmental impacts.\n\nWe valid
ated our approach in two regions: Texas and southeast Australia. In Texas\
, the new indicator surpassed the existing operational drought monitor\, n
otably enhancing forecasting accuracy and automation capabilities. In sout
heast Australia\, it provided valuable insights into the spatial and tempo
ral development of the severe 2017–2019 Tinderbox Drought.\n\nThe method
ology presented here offers a general framework applicable in situations w
here impact data and associated drivers are available\, and the goal is to
model their relationships effectively. This approach enables predictive m
odelling even without explicit knowledge of the underlying mathematical re
lationships between impacts and drivers.\n\nZoom recording passcode:FHF+6m
0E\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/287/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Laura Otter (RSES) (ANU)
DTSTART:20251113T020000Z
DTEND:20251113T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/288
DESCRIPTION:Title: Environmental Imprints on the Structure and Composition of M
arine Biominerals\nby Laura Otter (RSES) (ANU) as part of ANU Research
School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Semin
ar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstrac
t\nBiominerals are hard tissues formed by organisms in interaction with th
eir environment. Many marine organisms utilise biologically controlled min
eralization pathways\, with examples including mollusc shells\, foraminife
ra tests\, and the inner ear stones of fish (i.e.\, otoliths). These mater
ials have in common that they grow incrementally over the organism’s lif
etime\, continuously recording environmental signatures that are encoded i
nto the minerals as trace element and isotope signatures.\nBiominerals are
nano-composite materials consisting of inorganic and organic phases arran
ged into intricate architectures. Their inorganic component\, typically a
calcium carbonate polymorph like calcite\, aragonite\, or vaterite\, first
form as an amorphous precursor and crystallizes stepwise through metastab
le phases\, guided by organic templates. The discovery of these non-classi
cal crystallization pathways contrasts with the simpler processes in abiot
ic systems that are often driven by supersaturation in geological processe
s. However\, despite the advancement in appreciating these differences\, t
he use of biominerals as paleoenvironmental archives remains challenged by
“vital effects\,” a broad yet poorly understood concept describing th
e biological influences on mineral composition.\nThis presentation leverag
es advanced micro- and nanoscale molecular techniques to investigate how a
morphous precursor phases\, transformation mechanisms\, and mineral-organi
c interfaces shape the structure\, behaviour and composition of biomineral
s and explores solutions for analysing and deciphering these differences m
ore accurately for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.\n\nNo recording.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/288/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:John Townend (Victoria University of Wellington) (Victoria Univers
ity of Wellington)
DTSTART:20251127T020000Z
DTEND:20251127T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/289
DESCRIPTION:Title: Past\, Present\, and Future Earthquakes on the Alpine Fault:
What Lies Beneath and What Lies Ahead?\nby John Townend (Victoria Uni
versity of Wellington) (Victoria University of Wellington) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger
1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\
nAbstract\nSeveral decades of painstaking paleoseismological research —
using geological measurements to determine the timing and magnitudes of pa
st Alpine Fault earthquakes — have yielded one of the most spatially and
temporally extensive paleoearthquake records of any fault worldwide. This
record indicates that the Alpine Fault produces large earthquakes on time
scales of less than 300 years and that\, although the times between one ea
rthquake and the next are remarkably consistent\, their inferred sizes var
y depending on which of three sections of the fault rupture at once. More
than 300 years have passed since the last major earthquake\, in 1717 CE\,
and the Alpine Fault is thus late in the typical period between successive
earthquakes: the likelihood of a magnitude 7 earthquake occurring in the
coming 50 years is estimated to be 75%\; the odds of that earthquake being
larger than magnitude 8 are ~80%.\nMeanwhile\, scientific drilling studie
s have revealed that the Alpine Fault is unusually hot\, at least along it
s central section near Aoraki/Mt Cook where the most rapid uplift of the S
outhern Alps is occurring and where long-term slip rates are the highest.
Variations in temperature along the length of the Alpine Fault have since
been found to affect the distribution of present-day low-magnitude seismic
ity and deep aseismic creep\, and are likely to influence patterns of slip
in future large earthquakes.\nDespite substantial advances in understandi
ng the Alpine Fault’s past and present-day seismicity\, how and where th
e fault will slip in a future earthquake and what groundshaking will resul
t are difficult to anticipate without knowing which of many geologically-
and geophysically-plausible scenarios eventuates.\nThis presentation addre
sses how understanding of the Alpine Fault’s earthquake-generating behav
iour has developed in recent years\, catalysed by novel paleoseismological
\, geological\, and seismological studies including the Deep Fault Drillin
g Project (DFDP) and the 450 km-long Southern Alps Long Skinny Array (SALS
A)\, and how technological advances such as optical fibre sensing\, “vir
tual earthquakes”\, and artificial intelligence are providing new insigh
t into fault zone structure and earthquake generation.\nThe concluding por
tion of the presentation addresses what steps the earthquake science commu
nity could (should!) take now to record invaluable data during the next Al
pine Fault earthquake and thus inform global understanding of earthquake r
upture phenomena.\n\nZoom recording passcode:kT7w?6xi\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/289/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Xin Wang (Chinese Academy of Sciences) (Chinese Academy of Scienc
es)
DTSTART:20250306T020000Z
DTEND:20250306T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/290
DESCRIPTION:Title: Seismic imaging of slab interfaces: insights into material a
nd energy exchange in subduction zones\nby Xin Wang (Chinese Academy
of Sciences) (Chinese Academy of Sciences) as part of ANU Research School
of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\
, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nSubdu
ction zones are dynamic regions where Earth’s shallow and deep layers in
teract\, facilitating the exchange of materials and energy. As tectonic pl
ates descend\, they transport materials of varying temperatures and compos
itions into the mantle\, leading to complex thermochemical interactions at
slab–mantle boundaries. Investigating these slab interfaces is crucial
for understanding the composition and structure of subducting slabs\, deep
water cycling\, and subduction zone earthquakes. \n\nIn this talk\, I wil
l present our recent seismic imaging studies that reveal distinct slab int
erfaces in different subduction zones. Our findings highlight the spatial
complexity of subducting slabs\, the presence of melts at slab–asthenosp
here interactions\, and shed light on how these complexities influence meg
athrust earthquakes and slab geodynamic processes.\n\nZoom recording passc
ode:fzp9%96h\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/290/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Baoshan Wang (University of Science and Technology of China) (Univ
ersity of Science and Technology of China)
DTSTART:20260305T020000Z
DTEND:20260305T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/293
DESCRIPTION:Title: Development and applications of distributed optical fiber se
nsing at the University of Science and Technology of China\nby Baoshan
Wang (University of Science and Technology of China) (University of Scien
ce and Technology of China) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scienc
es school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Scho
ol of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nAs an emerging techn
ique\, Distributed Acoustic Sensing is rapidly developing\, which greatly
expands the scope of seismology. In this seminar\, I will introduce the de
velopments of the DOFS instrument at USTC. And the following applications
in different subjects will also be introduced in more detail: 1. Imaging t
he near-surface in urban areas. With the DAS technique\, we are able to re
cast the telecom optical fiber cable into densely distributed sensors\, we
are able to record the “rhythm” of the city and image the subsurface
velocity structures\; 2. Detecting and locating thunder. Exploiting the de
nsity of DAS\, we are able to track the thunder events from natural and tr
iggered lightnings with high precision\; 3. Infrastructure monitoring. The
dark fibers in the subway tunnels are used to monitor the construction wo
rks in real time.\n\nZoom recording passcode:E$hPt6^N\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/293/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Lois Baker (University of Edinburgh) (University of Edinburgh)
DTSTART:20260319T020000Z
DTEND:20260319T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/294
DESCRIPTION:Title: Topography\, Turbulence\, and Internal Waves: The Small-Scal
e Physics Driving the Global Ocean Circulation\nby Lois Baker (Univers
ity of Edinburgh) (University of Edinburgh) as part of ANU Research School
of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room
\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n\nAbstract\nThe
global ocean is a rotating\, stratified fluid with dynamical scales spanni
ng over eight orders of magnitude. Energy is input into the system at larg
e scales by the wind\, tides\, and solar forcing\, and ultimately removed
by mixing and dissipation at microscopic scales. One of the grand challeng
es in ocean and climate modelling is accurately representing energy transf
ers across scales in coarse-resolution numerical models that cannot resolv
e the small-scale dynamics.\n\nIn the deep ocean interior\, a key mechanis
m responsible for fluxing energy to dissipative scales is the breaking of
internal waves. These waves\, generated at the ocean surface or when large
-scale currents and tides flow over seafloor topography\, propagate in the
stratified ocean interior and generate turbulence when they break\, servi
ng as a primary pathway for transferring energy from large scales to turbu
lence. This turbulence mixes together waters of different densities—a pr
ocess known as diapycnal mixing— ultimately driving the global thermohal
ine overturning circulation and regulating the ocean’s uptake and distri
bution of heat and carbon.\n\nIn this talk\, I will discuss the role of in
ternal waves in ocean mixing and climate\, from the Southern to the Arctic
Ocean\, and explain how fundamental geophysical fluid dynamics and wave-r
esolving numerical simulations are used to improve their representation in
climate models.\n\nZoom recording passcode:.w4!1UFG\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/294/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Mark Richards (UC Berkeley) (UC Berkeley)
DTSTART:20251106T020000Z
DTEND:20251106T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/295
DESCRIPTION:Title: Chasing Darwin’s Shadow: Geophysics and Evolution in the G
alápagos\nby Mark Richards (UC Berkeley) (UC Berkeley) as part of ANU
Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaege
r 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\n
\nAbstract\nDarwin’s exploration of the Galápagos Islands inspired his
development of the theory of natural selection for the Origin or Species\,
drawing in no small part upon his background in geology. The Galápagos a
re but the most recent expression of a dual hotspot track due to a mantle
plume beneath the Galápagos spreading center that separates the Nazca and
Cocos plates\, and the reconstruction of ancient island habitats by geoph
ysical means has yielded important new insights into the evolutionary orig
ins of distinct Galápagos endemic species\, in particular the famous igua
nas. Geochemical patterns among the Galápagos islands and seamounts const
itute a type example of plume zonation\, or “striping\,” while conspic
uous patterns of plume-ridge interaction such as the Wolf-Darwin volcanic
lineaments\, and patterns of rare earth\, trace element\, and volatile enr
ichment along the nearby spreading ridge\, reveal much about the interacti
on of the enriched (deep) and depleted (shallow) mantle magma source regio
ns. Recently\, the reconstruction of Galápagos island emergence/subsidenc
e histories\, combined with genetic constraints on the origin of Galápago
s iguanas and new insights from modeled ocean circulation pattern changes
following the closing of the Isthmus of Panama\, have yielded new insights
not only into the dynamics of the Galápagos hotspot track\, but also int
o the geological factors that control colonization\, speciation\, and exti
nction in ocean island systems. Thus Darwin’s evolutionary playground co
ntinues to provide profound insights into the coupling of geology and evol
utionary biology.\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/295/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Rebecca Carey (University of Tasmania) (University of Tasmania)
DTSTART:20260430T030000Z
DTEND:20260430T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/298
DESCRIPTION:Title: Trigger\, Sustain\, Transform: New Insights from the Hunga E
ruption. Results from the August–September 2025 research voyage to Hunga
Volcano aboard RV Investigator\nby Rebecca Carey (University of Tasma
nia) (University of Tasmania) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Scie
nces school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research Sc
hool of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/298/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Cornel de Ronde (Earth Sciences New Zealand) (Earth Sciences New Z
ealand)
DTSTART:20260514T030000Z
DTEND:20260514T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/299
DESCRIPTION:by Cornel de Ronde (Earth Sciences New Zealand) (Earth Science
s New Zealand) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school sem
inar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth S
ciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/299/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Jimin Yu (RSES) (RSES)
DTSTART:20260528T030000Z
DTEND:20260528T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/300
DESCRIPTION:by Jimin Yu (RSES) (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of Ea
rth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Res
earch School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/300/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Greg Yaxley (RSES) (RSES)
DTSTART:20261029T020000Z
DTEND:20261029T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/301
DESCRIPTION:by Greg Yaxley (RSES) (RSES) as part of ANU Research School of
Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\,
Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/301/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Kial Stewart (RSES) (RSES)
DTSTART:20260611T030000Z
DTEND:20260611T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/302
DESCRIPTION:by Kial Stewart (RSES) (RSES) as part of ANU Research School o
f Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\,
Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/302/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Tolu Olugboji (University of Rochester) (University of Rochester)
DTSTART:20260625T030000Z
DTEND:20260625T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/303
DESCRIPTION:by Tolu Olugboji (University of Rochester) (University of Roch
ester) as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\n
Lecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\
, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/303/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Raffaella Demichelis (Curtin University)
DTSTART:20260709T030000Z
DTEND:20260709T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/304
DESCRIPTION:by Raffaella Demichelis (Curtin University) as part of ANU Res
earch School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1
Seminar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbst
ract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/304/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:--
DTSTART:20260723T030000Z
DTEND:20260723T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/305
DESCRIPTION:by -- as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school
seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Eart
h Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/305/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:--
DTSTART:20260806T030000Z
DTEND:20260806T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/306
DESCRIPTION:by -- as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school
seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Eart
h Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/306/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:--
DTSTART:20260820T030000Z
DTEND:20260820T040000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/307
DESCRIPTION:by -- as part of ANU Research School of Earth Sciences school
seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Seminar Room\, Research School of Eart
h Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/307/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Academy of Science Medal Celebration
DTSTART:20260402T020000Z
DTEND:20260402T030000Z
DTSTAMP:20260422T120042Z
UID:RSES_school_seminar/308
DESCRIPTION:by Academy of Science Medal Celebration as part of ANU Researc
h School of Earth Sciences school seminar\n\nLecture held in Jaeger 1 Semi
nar Room\, Research School of Earth Sciences\, ANU Acton campus.\nAbstract
: TBA\n
LOCATION:https://researchseminars.org/talk/RSES_school_seminar/308/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR